Eupatorium perfoliatum |
Eupatorium ×cordigerum |
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boneset thoroughwort, Chapman's thoroughwort, common boneset, eupatoire perfoliée |
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Habit | Perennials, 40–100+ cm. | Perennials, 40–100+ cm. |
Stems | (from short caudices) single, sparsely branched distally, puberulent throughout. |
(from short rhizomes) single, branched distally, densely pilose. |
Leaves | usually opposite (sometimes whorled); sessile; blades pinnately nerved, oblong (tapering toward apices), 50–150+ × 15–40 mm, bases connate-perfoliate, margins serrate, apices acute, faces pilose, gland-dotted (abaxial), glabrate, not gland-dotted (adaxial). |
usually opposite (distal sometimes alternate); sessile; blades ± 3-nerved or pinnately nerved, ovate, 3–9.8 × 1.6–5.7 cm, bases clasping or narrowly perfoliate, margins serrate, apices acute, faces (rugose) sparsely pilose (adaxial) or densely pilose (abaxial) and densely gland-dotted. |
Florets | 7–11; corollas 2.5–3 mm. |
5–8; corollas 2.5–3 mm. |
Phyllaries | 7–10 in 1–2 series, oblong, 2–4.5 × 0.6–1 mm, apices (whitish) acute to acuminate, abaxial faces villous or puberulent, gland-dotted. |
7–10 in 2–3 series, 4–12 × 1–4 mm, apices (usually white) acuminate to acute, abaxial faces pilose, gland-dotted. |
Heads | in corymbiform arrays. |
in corymbiform arrays. |
Cypselae | 1.5–2 mm; pappi of 20–30 bristles 3–3.5 mm. |
2–3 mm; pappi of 30–40 bristles 3.5–4.5 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 30, 40. |
Eupatorium perfoliatum |
Eupatorium ×cordigerum |
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Phenology | Flowering Aug–Oct. | Flowering Jul–Aug. |
Habitat | Moist, low ground, marshes, roadsides, swamps, wet pastures | Margins of woods, moist areas |
Elevation | 10–500+ m (0–1600+ ft) | 10–100+ m (0–300+ ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AR; MS; NC; NJ; SC; VA |
Discussion | Eupatorium perfoliatum is both distinctive, with its perfoliate leaf bases, and extraordinarily widespread. Hybrids between E. perfoliatum and other species of Eupatorium have been reported. The name E. resinosum var. kentuckiense Fernald is based on hybrids between E. perfoliatum and E. serotinum (= E. ×truncatum Muhlenberg ex Willdenow). Eupatorium perfoliatum var. colpophilum refers to populations characterized by narrower, more leathery leaves found in the extreme northeastern portion of the range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Eupatorium ×cordigerum is an apomictic, polyploid hybrid of E. rotundifolium and E. perfoliatum that occurs in disturbed areas where those two species occur together. It is not uncommonly encountered; it is unclear how long it persists. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 21, p. 471. | FNA vol. 21, p. 467. |
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium | Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | E. chapmanii, E. perfoliatum var. colpophilum, E. perfoliatum var. cuneatum | E. rotundifolium var. cordigerum |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 838. (1753) | (Fernald) Fernald: Rhodora 47: 192. (1945) |
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