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false fennel

thoroughwort

Habit Perennials, 50–200 cm. Perennials, 40–100+ cm.
Stems

(from short caudices) single, branched distally, glabrous throughout, gland-dotted.

(from short caudices) single, densely branched distally, puberulent throughout.

Leaves

opposite (proximal) or alternate (nodes often appearing leafy by development of leaves on lateral buds without axis elongation); petiolate or sessile;

blades (usually pinnately or ternately lobed) or lobes 1-nerved or pinnately nerved, linear, 20–100 × 0.2–0.5(–1) mm, bases slightly expanded, margins entire, apices rounded to acute, faces sparsely puberulent to glabrate, gland-dotted.

opposite (proximal) or alternate (nodes often appearing leafy, lateral buds develop leaves without axis elongation);

sessile;

blades (usually 1–2-pinnately or ternately lobed) or lobes pinnately nerved or 1-nerved, linear, 20–100 × 0.5–1.5 mm, bases narrowly cuneate to attenuate, margins entire or serrate, apices acute, faces puberulent, gland-dotted.

Florets

5;

corollas 2–2.5 mm.

7–9;

corollas 2–2.5 mm.

Phyllaries

6–10 in 1–2 series, lanceolate, 1.5–3 × 0.5–0.7 mm, apices acuminate, mucronate, abaxial faces glabrous or glabrate (not gland-dotted).

10–12 in 2–3 series, elliptic to oblong, 1–3.5 × 0.5–1 mm, apices acute to acuminate, shortly mucronate, abaxial faces puberulent, gland-dotted.

Heads

in paniculiform arrays (branches supporting heads recurved, secund).

in subcorymbiform to subpaniculiform arrays.

Cypselae

1–1.5 mm;

pappi of 15–30 bristles 2–2.5 mm.

1–1.5 mm;

pappi of 20–30 bristles 2.5–3 mm.

2n

= 20.

= 20.

Eupatorium leptophyllum

Eupatorium ×pinnatifidum

Phenology Flowering Aug–Oct. Flowering Aug–Oct.
Habitat Pond margins, wet, low places, shallow water Dry to wet areas, roadsides, around ponds, open pine woods
Elevation 10–50+ m (0–200+ ft) 20–100 m (100–300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; LA; MS; SC; TX; VA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Eupatorium ×pinnatifidum has been suggested to represent a series of recurrent hybrids between E. capillifolium or E. compositifolium and E. perfoliatum; molecular data, in addition to confirming that this combination occurs, also show that E. serotinum rather than E. perfoliatum is the second parent in at least some plants included in E. ×pinnatifidum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 21, p. 469. FNA vol. 21, p. 472.
Parent taxa Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium Asteraceae > tribe Eupatorieae > Eupatorium
Sibling taxa
E. album, E. altissimum, E. anomalum, E. cannabinum, E. capillifolium, E. compositifolium, E. godfreyanum, E. hyssopifolium, E. lancifolium, E. leucolepis, E. linearifolium, E. mikanioides, E. mohrii, E. perfoliatum, E. petaloideum, E. pilosum, E. resinosum, E. rotundifolium, E. semiserratum, E. serotinum, E. sessilifolium, E. ×cordigerum, E. ×pinnatifidum
E. album, E. altissimum, E. anomalum, E. cannabinum, E. capillifolium, E. compositifolium, E. godfreyanum, E. hyssopifolium, E. lancifolium, E. leptophyllum, E. leucolepis, E. linearifolium, E. mikanioides, E. mohrii, E. perfoliatum, E. petaloideum, E. pilosum, E. resinosum, E. rotundifolium, E. semiserratum, E. serotinum, E. sessilifolium, E. ×cordigerum
Synonyms E. capillifolium var. leptophyllum E. eugenei, E. pectinatum
Name authority de Candolle: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 5: 176. (1836) Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 295. (1823)
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