Euonymus europaeus |
Euonymus fortunei |
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European spindle-tree, spindletree |
climbing euonymus, climbing spindle-tree, winter creeper |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees 2–10 m. Stems erect; young branches terete, not corky winged. | |
Leaves | deciduous; petiole 4–12 mm; blade ovate-elliptic, 2.5–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, margins minutely denticulate, apex acuminate. |
persistent; petiole 5–10 mm; blade lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, to broadly obovate-elliptic, 1–9 × 0.5–5 cm, base cuneate, acute, obtuse, to rounded, margins crenate-serrate, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate. |
Inflorescences | axillary, 1–7(–15)-flowered. |
axillary, 5–15-flowered. |
Flowers | sepals 4; petals 4, yellow or white, oblong, 3–4 × 1–2 mm; stamens 4; ovary smooth. |
sepals 4; petals 4, white to pale green, oblong, 3–4 × 2–3 mm; stamens 4; ovary smooth. |
Capsules | pink, obovoid, 8–10 × 12–15 mm, deeply (2–)4-lobed, rarely only 1 lobe developing, lobes clearly connate, surface smooth. |
straw colored to orange, globose, 6–8 mm diam., unlobed or very shallowly 4-lobed, lobes clearly connate, surface smooth. |
Seeds | obovoid, 7–8 × 4–5 mm; aril orange or yellow. |
ellipsoid, 4–6 mm; aril orange. |
Vines | to 20 m. Stems prostrate to erect, climbing by adventitious roots; young branches terete, not corky winged. |
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2n | = 32. |
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Euonymus europaeus |
Euonymus fortunei |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer; fruiting summer–fall. | Flowering summer; fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Roadsides, thickets, woodlands. | Moist woods, stream banks, riverbanks, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; IL; IN; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; UT; VA; VT; WI; NB; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; ON; e Asia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | The leaves of Euonymus europaeus vary greatly in shape and size, especially in cultivated plants. The species was introduced to the flora area as a garden ornamental. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Euonymus fortunei is widely planted as an ornamental and has escaped widely. Plants grow horizontally until they encounter a vertical surface like a rock, wall, or tree, which they then climb using adventitious roots. They sometimes form dense mats over other vegetation, excluding other plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 12, p. 125. | FNA vol. 12, p. 123. |
Parent taxa | Celastraceae > Euonymus | Celastraceae > Euonymus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Elaeodendron fortunei, E. hederaceus, E. kiautschovicus | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 197. (1753) — (as Evonymus) | (Turczaninow) Handel-Mazzetti: Symb. Sin. 7: 660. (1933) — (as Evonymus) |
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