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European spindle-tree, spindletree

climbing euonymus, climbing spindle-tree, winter creeper

Habit Shrubs or trees 2–10 m. Stems erect; young branches terete, not corky winged.
Leaves

deciduous;

petiole 4–12 mm;

blade ovate-elliptic, 2.5–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, margins minutely denticulate, apex acuminate.

persistent;

petiole 5–10 mm;

blade lanceolate, ovate, elliptic, to broadly obovate-elliptic, 1–9 × 0.5–5 cm, base cuneate, acute, obtuse, to rounded, margins crenate-serrate, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate.

Inflorescences

axillary, 1–7(–15)-flowered.

axillary, 5–15-flowered.

Flowers

sepals 4;

petals 4, yellow or white, oblong, 3–4 × 1–2 mm;

stamens 4;

ovary smooth.

sepals 4;

petals 4, white to pale green, oblong, 3–4 × 2–3 mm;

stamens 4;

ovary smooth.

Capsules

pink, obovoid, 8–10 × 12–15 mm, deeply (2–)4-lobed, rarely only 1 lobe developing, lobes clearly connate, surface smooth.

straw colored to orange, globose, 6–8 mm diam., unlobed or very shallowly 4-lobed, lobes clearly connate, surface smooth.

Seeds

obovoid, 7–8 × 4–5 mm;

aril orange or yellow.

ellipsoid, 4–6 mm;

aril orange.

Vines

to 20 m. Stems prostrate to erect, climbing by adventitious roots;

young branches terete, not corky winged.

2n

= 32.

Euonymus europaeus

Euonymus fortunei

Phenology Flowering spring–summer; fruiting summer–fall. Flowering summer; fruiting summer–fall.
Habitat Roadsides, thickets, woodlands. Moist woods, stream banks, riverbanks, disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; IL; IN; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; MS; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; UT; VA; VT; WI; NB; ON; PE; QC; Europe [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; ON; e Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

The leaves of Euonymus europaeus vary greatly in shape and size, especially in cultivated plants. The species was introduced to the flora area as a garden ornamental.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Euonymus fortunei is widely planted as an ornamental and has escaped widely. Plants grow horizontally until they encounter a vertical surface like a rock, wall, or tree, which they then climb using adventitious roots. They sometimes form dense mats over other vegetation, excluding other plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 12, p. 125. FNA vol. 12, p. 123.
Parent taxa Celastraceae > Euonymus Celastraceae > Euonymus
Sibling taxa
E. alatus, E. americanus, E. atropurpureus, E. fortunei, E. obovatus, E. occidentalis
E. alatus, E. americanus, E. atropurpureus, E. europaeus, E. obovatus, E. occidentalis
Synonyms Elaeodendron fortunei, E. hederaceus, E. kiautschovicus
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 197. (1753) — (as Evonymus) (Turczaninow) Handel-Mazzetti: Symb. Sin. 7: 660. (1933) — (as Evonymus)
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