Erythronium propullans
Erythronium grandiflorum
Minnesota dwarf trout-lily, Minnesota fawnlily, Minnesota trout lily
dogtooth fawn lily, glacier-lily, yellow avalanche-lily, yellow fawn-lily, yellow glacier lily
ovoid, 10–25 mm;
stolon 1 in flowering plants, arising from halfway up stem, 1–3 from bulbs of 1-leaved, nonflowering plants.
slender, 30–50 mm.
4–13 cm;
blade green, irregularly mottled, elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, ± flat, glaucous, margins entire.
5–20 cm;
blade green, lanceolate, ± glaucous, base gradually narrowed to petiole, margins ± wavy.
3.9–12 cm.
5–30 cm.
1-flowered.
usually 1-flowered, sometimes up to 5-flowered.
tepals 4–6, strongly reflexed at anthesis, pale pink to white, darker abaxially, lanceolate, 8–15 mm, auricles absent;
stamens 2–6, 6–8 mm;
filaments white, lanceolate;
anthers yellow;
pollen yellow;
style white, 6–10 mm;
stigma ± unlobed.
tepals recurved, bright yellow with (in live specimens) narrow paler zone at base, or white to creamy white with yellow base, narrowly ovate, 20–35 mm, length at least 4 times width, inner usually auriculate at base;
stamens 11–18 mm;
filaments white, ± slender, linear, less than 0.8 mm wide;
anthers cream, yellow, red, or purplish red;
pollen yellow or red;
style white, 10–15 mm;
stigma unlobed or with slender, recurved lobes (1–)2–4 mm.
very rarely produced; when present, may be result of hybridization with Erythronium albidum.
oblong to narrowly obovoid, 2–5 cm.
= 24.
Erythronium propullans
Erythronium grandiflorum
Of conservation concern.
Erythronium propullans is known only from Goodhue and Rice counties. It often forms extensive colonies in which flowering plants are sometimes more abundant than nonflowering, 1-leaved ones, and sometimes the reverse. It grows mixed with E. albidum (J. A. Banks 1980), and putative hybrids between them have been reported (T. Morley 1988). Flowers frequently have fewer than six tepals and stamens (C. O. Rosendahl 1919), and may occasionally have only two carpels.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).
This beautiful species is often very abundant in mountain meadows of western North America, especially in the Rocky Mountains, where it may form spectacular displays. It is often difficult to grow in cultivation outside its preferred habitats. Bulbs of this species were a staple food for native North American peoples of several tribes, and were eaten in large quantities and also traded. Within the typical subspecies, both anthers and pollen vary considerably in color; plants with pale anthers have been called var. pallidum, and forms with yellow anthers, var. chrysandrum. Plants possessing very short stigma lobes and lacking auricles on the tepals have been recognized as var. nudipetalum, but they do not appear sufficiently distinct to warrant taxonomic recognition and may simply represent depauperate forms.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Tepals white to creamy white, with yellow zone at base; anthers cream to yellow. | subsp. candidum |
1. Tepals bright yellow, with narrow paler zone at base; anthers cream, yellow, red, or purplish red. | subsp. grandiflorum |
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