Erythronium oregonum |
Erythronium americanum |
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deer's tongue, giant fawn-lily, giant white fawn-lily, Oregon fawn-lily, white fawn lily, wild Easter lily |
American trout-lily, dogtooth violet, trout lily, yellow trout-lily, érythrone d'amérique |
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Bulbs | narrowly ovoid, 25–60 mm, sometimes producing sessile offsets. |
ovoid, 15–28 mm; stolons 1–3, common, mostly on 1-leaved, nonflowering plants. |
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Leaves | 12–25 cm; blade distinctly mottled with irregular streaks of brown or white, ovate to broadly lanceolate, margins wavy. |
8–23 cm; blade green, irregularly mottled, elliptic-lanceolate to ovate or elliptic, ± flat, glaucous, margins entire. |
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Scape | ± reddish, 15–40 cm. |
10–18 cm. |
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Inflorescences | 1–3-flowered. |
1-flowered. |
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Flowers | tepals white to creamy white with yellow base at anthesis, sometimes pinkish in age, sometimes with red lines or bands, elliptic to narrowly ovate, 25–40 mm, inner with small auricles at base; stamens 12–25 mm; filaments white, flattened, ± lanceolate, 2–3 mm wide; anthers cream to yellow; style white, 12–18 mm; stigma with recurved lobes 3–6 mm. |
tepals yellow, sometimes tinged light to dark purple-red abaxially, sometimes with reddish dots adaxially, strongly reflexed at anthesis, lanceolate, 20–33 mm, inner with small auricles; stamens 9–15 mm; filaments yellow, lanceolate; anthers yellow, chestnut brown, or lavender; pollen yellow or brown; style deciduous or base forming small apiculum, greenish yellow, 5–11 mm, swollen distally or ± terete; stigma lobes erect or recurved, 1.5 mm. |
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Capsules | oblong to narrowly obovoid, 3–5 cm. |
held erect or at least off ground at maturity, obovoid, 12–15 mm, apex rounded, truncate, or apiculate. |
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2n | = 24. |
= 48. |
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Erythronium oregonum |
Erythronium americanum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Mar–May). | |||||
Habitat | Open coniferous forests, rocky outcrops, oak woodlands, meadows | |||||
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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e North America
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Discussion | Forms from the southern part of the range with cream-white tepals and pale anthers have been described as subsp. leucandrum. This species is closely related to E. revolutum and occasionally hybridizes with it where their ranges meet. In addition, E. citrinum and E. hendersonii are reported to hybridize with E. oregonum in the southern part of its range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Erythronium americanum is a very common and widespread species, particularly in northeastern North America, becoming less frequent towards the southern and western limits of its range. Nonflowering plants far outnumber flowering ones in most populations because of their extensive stolon production. Plants with brown anthers have been called forma castaneum L. B. Smith. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 158. | FNA vol. 26, p. 161. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Erythronium | Liliaceae > Erythronium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | E. giganteum subsp. leucandrum, E. oregonum subsp. leucandrum | |||||
Name authority | Applegate: Madroño 3: 99. (1935) | Ker Gawler: Bot. Mag. 28: plate 1113. (1808) | ||||
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