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Erythronium hendersonii

Henderson's fawn-lily

Mount St. Helena fawn-lily, Pacific fawnlily, St. Helena fawn lily

dogtooth fawn lily, glacier-lily, yellow avalanche-lily, yellow fawn-lily, yellow glacier lily

Bulbs

slender, 40–55 mm.

ovoid, 30–55 mm, sometimes producing sessile bulbels.

slender, 30–50 mm.

Leaves

10–25 cm;

blade mottled with irregular streaks of brown or white, oblong to ovate, margins entire to ± wavy.

7–20 cm;

blade mottled with irregular streaks of brown or white, broadly lanceolate to ovate, margins ± wavy.

5–20 cm;

blade green, lanceolate, ± glaucous, base gradually narrowed to petiole, margins ± wavy.

Scape

reddish, 12–30 cm.

12–30 cm.

5–30 cm.

Inflorescences

1–4-flowered.

1–3-flowered.

usually 1-flowered, sometimes up to 5-flowered.

Flowers

tepals violet to pink, darker at tips, dark purple at base, broadly lanceolate, 18–35 mm, inner with small auricles at base;

stamens 10–14 mm;

filaments violet-purple, linear, slender, less than 0.8 mm wide;

anthers pale brown to purple;

style violet, 6–8 mm;

stigma unlobed or with lobes shorter than 1 mm.

fragrant;

tepals ± white, bright yellow at base, pinkish in age, lanceolate to ovate, 25–40 mm, inner with small auricles at base;

stamens 8–13 mm;

filaments ± yellow, linear, ± slender, less than 0.8 mm wide;

anthers yellow;

style ± white, often bent to one side, 5–8 mm;

stigma unlobed or with lobes shorter than 1 mm.

tepals recurved, bright yellow with (in live specimens) narrow paler zone at base, or white to creamy white with yellow base, narrowly ovate, 20–35 mm, length at least 4 times width, inner usually auriculate at base;

stamens 11–18 mm;

filaments white, ± slender, linear, less than 0.8 mm wide;

anthers cream, yellow, red, or purplish red;

pollen yellow or red;

style white, 10–15 mm;

stigma unlobed or with slender, recurved lobes (1–)2–4 mm.

Capsules

obovoid, 2–4 cm.

obovoid, 2–4 cm.

oblong to narrowly obovoid, 2–5 cm.

2n

= 24.

= 24.

= 24.

Erythronium hendersonii

Erythronium helenae

Erythronium grandiflorum

Phenology Flowering spring (Mar–Apr). Flowering spring (Mar–Apr).
Habitat Dry woods and forest openings Dry woods or scrub, on serpentines
Elevation 300–1600 m (1000–5200 ft) 500–1200 m (1600–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Calif (vicinity of Mount St Helena)
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

This beautiful species is often very abundant in mountain meadows of western North America, especially in the Rocky Mountains, where it may form spectacular displays. It is often difficult to grow in cultivation outside its preferred habitats. Bulbs of this species were a staple food for native North American peoples of several tribes, and were eaten in large quantities and also traded. Within the typical subspecies, both anthers and pollen vary considerably in color; plants with pale anthers have been called var. pallidum, and forms with yellow anthers, var. chrysandrum. Plants possessing very short stigma lobes and lacking auricles on the tepals have been recognized as var. nudipetalum, but they do not appear sufficiently distinct to warrant taxonomic recognition and may simply represent depauperate forms.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Tepals white to creamy white, with yellow zone at base; anthers cream to yellow.
E. grandiflorum subsp. candidum
1. Tepals bright yellow, with narrow paler zone at base; anthers cream, yellow, red, or purplish red.
E. grandiflorum subsp. grandiflorum
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 160. FNA vol. 26, p. 160. FNA vol. 26, p. 156.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Erythronium Liliaceae > Erythronium Liliaceae > Erythronium
Sibling taxa
E. albidum, E. americanum, E. californicum, E. citrinum, E. elegans, E. grandiflorum, E. helenae, E. klamathense, E. mesochoreum, E. montanum, E. multiscapideum, E. oregonum, E. pluriflorum, E. propullans, E. purpurascens, E. pusaterii, E. quinaultense, E. revolutum, E. rostratum, E. taylorii, E. tuolumnense, E. umbilicatum
E. albidum, E. americanum, E. californicum, E. citrinum, E. elegans, E. grandiflorum, E. hendersonii, E. klamathense, E. mesochoreum, E. montanum, E. multiscapideum, E. oregonum, E. pluriflorum, E. propullans, E. purpurascens, E. pusaterii, E. quinaultense, E. revolutum, E. rostratum, E. taylorii, E. tuolumnense, E. umbilicatum
E. albidum, E. americanum, E. californicum, E. citrinum, E. elegans, E. helenae, E. hendersonii, E. klamathense, E. mesochoreum, E. montanum, E. multiscapideum, E. oregonum, E. pluriflorum, E. propullans, E. purpurascens, E. pusaterii, E. quinaultense, E. revolutum, E. rostratum, E. taylorii, E. tuolumnense, E. umbilicatum
Subordinate taxa
E. grandiflorum subsp. candidum, E. grandiflorum subsp. grandiflorum
Name authority S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 479. (1887) Applegate: Contr. Dudley Herb. 1: 188. (1933) Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 231. (1814)
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