Erythronium hendersonii |
Erythronium albidum |
Erythronium grandiflorum |
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Henderson's fawn-lily |
white fawnlily, white trout-lily |
dogtooth fawn lily, glacier-lily, yellow avalanche-lily, yellow fawn-lily, yellow glacier lily |
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Bulbs | slender, 40–55 mm. |
ovoid, 15–30 mm; stolons 1–3, mostly on 1-leaved, nonflowering plants; flowering plants reproducing vegetatively by offshoots or droppers. |
slender, 30–50 mm. |
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Leaves | 10–25 cm; blade mottled with irregular streaks of brown or white, oblong to ovate, margins entire to ± wavy. |
8–22 cm; blade green, irregularly mottled, elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, ± flat, glaucous, margins entire. |
5–20 cm; blade green, lanceolate, ± glaucous, base gradually narrowed to petiole, margins ± wavy. |
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Scape | reddish, 12–30 cm. |
7–20 cm. |
5–30 cm. |
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Inflorescences | 1–4-flowered. |
1-flowered. |
usually 1-flowered, sometimes up to 5-flowered. |
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Flowers | tepals violet to pink, darker at tips, dark purple at base, broadly lanceolate, 18–35 mm, inner with small auricles at base; stamens 10–14 mm; filaments violet-purple, linear, slender, less than 0.8 mm wide; anthers pale brown to purple; style violet, 6–8 mm; stigma unlobed or with lobes shorter than 1 mm. |
tepals strongly reflexed at anthesis, white, tinged pink, blue, or lavender abaxially, with yellow adaxial spot at base, lanceolate, 22–40 mm, auricles absent; stamens 10–20 mm; filaments yellow, lanceolate; anthers yellow; pollen yellow; style white, 15–25 mm; stigma lobes recurving, 1.5 mm. |
tepals recurved, bright yellow with (in live specimens) narrow paler zone at base, or white to creamy white with yellow base, narrowly ovate, 20–35 mm, length at least 4 times width, inner usually auriculate at base; stamens 11–18 mm; filaments white, ± slender, linear, less than 0.8 mm wide; anthers cream, yellow, red, or purplish red; pollen yellow or red; style white, 10–15 mm; stigma unlobed or with slender, recurved lobes (1–)2–4 mm. |
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Capsules | obovoid, 2–4 cm. |
held erect at maturity, obovoid, 10–22 mm, apex rounded to faintly apiculate or umbilicate. |
oblong to narrowly obovoid, 2–5 cm. |
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2n | = 24. |
= 44. |
= 24. |
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Erythronium hendersonii |
Erythronium albidum |
Erythronium grandiflorum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Mar–Apr). | Flowering spring. | |||||
Habitat | Dry woods and forest openings | Mesic bottomlands, upland forests, woodlands, clay and silt bottomlands, floodplain forests | |||||
Elevation | 300–1600 m (1000–5200 ft) | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR
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AL; AR; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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w North America
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Discussion | Erythronium albidum often forms extensive colonies in which nonflowering, 1-leaved plants far outnumber flowering, 2-leaved ones. It is very widespread in eastern North America, more common in the central states than E. americanum and often occurs in slightly drier sites. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). This beautiful species is often very abundant in mountain meadows of western North America, especially in the Rocky Mountains, where it may form spectacular displays. It is often difficult to grow in cultivation outside its preferred habitats. Bulbs of this species were a staple food for native North American peoples of several tribes, and were eaten in large quantities and also traded. Within the typical subspecies, both anthers and pollen vary considerably in color; plants with pale anthers have been called var. pallidum, and forms with yellow anthers, var. chrysandrum. Plants possessing very short stigma lobes and lacking auricles on the tepals have been recognized as var. nudipetalum, but they do not appear sufficiently distinct to warrant taxonomic recognition and may simply represent depauperate forms. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 160. | FNA vol. 26, p. 163. | FNA vol. 26, p. 156. | ||||
Parent taxa | Liliaceae > Erythronium | Liliaceae > Erythronium | Liliaceae > Erythronium | ||||
Sibling taxa | |||||||
Subordinate taxa | |||||||
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 479. (1887) | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 223. (1818) | Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 231. (1814) | ||||
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