FNA: Erythranthe washingtonensis vs. Erythranthe guttata

	Erythranthe washingtonensis	Erythranthe guttata
	John Day or Washington monkeyflower, Washington monkey-flower	common monkey-flower, seep monkey-flower, yellow monkey-flower
Habit	Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted.	Perennials, rhizomatous, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes.
Stems	erect to ascending, straight or geniculate at nodes, usually many-branched, terete, 5–25 cm, moderately puberulent-glandular to villous-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.8 mm, flattened, sometimes vitreous, distinctly multicellular, gland-tipped.	erect to ascending-erect, branched distally, sometimes fistulose, to 10 mm wide, pressed, (6–)15–65(–80) cm, villous-glandular or moderately to densely hirtellous, hairs eglandular or glandular and eglandular.
Leaves	cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 2–14 mm; blade palmately veined, deltate or ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–16(–23) × 2–11(–16) mm, base rounded to cuneate or truncate, margins denticulate or entire, apex acute, surfaces moderately puberulent-glandular to villous-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.8 mm, flattened, sometimes vitreous, distinctly multicellular, gland-tipped.	basal and cauline or basal not persistent; petiole 0 mm or proximals 1–95 mm; blade subpinnately, sometimes palmately, 5–7-veined, ovate-elliptic to ovate or suborbicular, 4–125 mm, 1–2 times longer than wide, gradually or abruptly reduced in size distally, base rounded to cuneate to truncate, margins crenate to coarsely dentate, proximally shallowly toothed to irregularly small-lobed or lyrate-dissected, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous.
Flowers	herkogamous, 1–6, from proximal to distal nodes.	herkogamous, (1–)3–20(–28), from distal nodes, sometimes in relatively compact racemes with reduced bracts.
Styles	hispid-hirtellous.	minutely hirsutulous to villosulous.
Corollas	yellow with small reddish brown dots, abaxial limb with 2 white patches (abaxial ridges), bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 8–10 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 7–10 mm, lobes obovate-oblong, apex rounded to rounded-cuneate.	yellow, red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (10–)12–20 mm, exserted 3–5 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 12–24 mm.
Fruiting pedicels	divergent at nearly right angles, 20–50 mm, densely, minutely stipitate-glandular.	15–40(–60) mm, villous-glandular or moderately to densely hirtellous, hairs eglandular or glandular and eglandular.
Fruiting calyces	greenish, ridge-angled, tubular, weakly inflated, 6–8 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, densely, minutely stipitate-glandular, lobes pronounced, erect.	nodding, usually without red markings, ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 11–17(–20) mm, villous-glandular or moderately to densely hirtellous, hairs eglandular or glandular and eglandular, throat closing.
Capsules	included, 5–8.5 mm.	included, 7–11(–12) mm.
Anthers	included, glabrous.	included, glabrous.
2n	= 32.	= 28, 56.

	Erythranthe washingtonensis	Erythranthe guttata
Phenology	Flowering May–Sep.	Flowering Apr–Sep.
Habitat	Shallow basalt gravel in narrow channels and intermittent streams, sandy stream banks, open slopes, rocky shelves near seeps.	Springs and seeps, marshes, beaver dams, along rivers, streams, and irrigation canals, loamy soils in conifer forests, wet and damp meadows, wet roadsides.
Elevation	700–1300 m. (2300–4300 ft.)	20–3200(–3700) m. (100–10500(–12100) ft.)
Distribution	OR [WildflowerSearch map]	AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; ID; MI; MT; NE; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NB; NT; SK; YT; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nayarit, Sonora) [Introduced in Europe] [WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion	Erythranthe washingtonensis is considered to be extirpated in Washington by the Washington Natural Heritage Program. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Erythranthe guttata is markedly variable in stature, leaf shape, vestiture, flower size, and the separation distance between anthers and stigma; it ranges from subalpine and near-alpine habitats into desert situations where water is available. In all of Colorado, the Four Corners area, and north-central New Mexico, the vestiture of stems and calyces is consistently densely hirsute-hirtellous, without glandular hairs. Plants with similar vestiture also occur in British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington, and in scattered localities elsewhere. In northwestern Arizona, California Nevada, and southern Oregon, vestiture is consistently villous-glandular, without eglandular hairs. Elsewhere in the geographic range the vestiture is a mix of hirsute-hirtellous (eglandular) and villous-glandular hairs. Other morphological variants and patterns, as well as variation in ploidy level, within Erythranthe guttata were discussed by G. L. Nesom (2012i). Plants of Erythranthe guttata with extremely large corollas have been frequently collected on the Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island, and in other Alaskan localities (for example, Admiralty Island Amakuk, Juneau, and Yakutat Bay). Corolla tube-throats are 19–26 mm, and the limbs are expanded to 18–25 mm. The type collection of E. guttata is one of these plants, and the name E. guttata may prove to apply most appropriately only to Alaskan populations. Diploids and tetraploids appear to be sympatric in Alaska. Mimulus guttatus subsp. haidensis was described as an endemic subalpine race that occurs in and along the flanks of the Queen Charlotte Mountains on Graham Island and Moresby Island. The subspecies was distinguished on the basis of its hirtellous vestiture, but plants of similar hirtellous vestiture occur over the whole range of the species. A tetraploid chromosome number (2n = 56) was reported for subsp. haidensis from a total of five localities on Graham Island and Moresby Island (J. A. Calder and R. L. Taylor 1968, vol. 2), and diploids (2n = 28) were documented from one locality on each of the two islands. At least one of the diploids has densely hirtellous stems, pedicels, and calyces, matching the morphology of subsp. haidensis. Erythranthe guttata is naturalized in Europe and has been introduced to the northeastern United States (Connecticut, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania) and eastern Canada (New Brunswick). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 396.	FNA vol. 17, p. 411.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. willisii	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms	Mimulus washingtonensis	Mimulus guttatus, M. clementinus, M. equinus, M. glabratus var. adscendens, M. grandiflorus, M. guttatus subsp. haidensis, M. guttatus var. puberulus, M. hirsutus, M. langsdorffii var. argutus, M. langsdorffii var. californicus, M. langsdorffii var. guttatus, M. langsdorffii var. minimus, M. langsdorffii var. platyphyllus, M. lyratus, M. paniculatus, M. petiolaris, M. prionophyllus, M. puberulus, M. rivularis
Name authority	(Gandoger) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 39. (2012) — (as washingtoniensis)	(de Candolle) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)
Web links	Local floras: OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, MI Flora, PNW Herbaria, SW CO Wildflowers WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Erythranthe guttata

John Day or Washington monkeyflower, Washington monkey-flower

common monkey-flower, seep monkey-flower, yellow monkey-flower

Habit

Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted.

Perennials, rhizomatous, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes.

Stems

erect to ascending, straight or geniculate at nodes, usually many-branched, terete, 5–25 cm, moderately puberulent-glandular to villous-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.8 mm, flattened, sometimes vitreous, distinctly multicellular, gland-tipped.

erect to ascending-erect, branched distally, sometimes fistulose, to 10 mm wide, pressed, (6–)15–65(–80) cm, villous-glandular or moderately to densely hirtellous, hairs eglandular or glandular and eglandular.

Leaves

cauline, basal not persistent;

petiole 2–14 mm;

blade palmately veined, deltate or ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–16(–23) × 2–11(–16) mm, base rounded to cuneate or truncate, margins denticulate or entire, apex acute, surfaces moderately puberulent-glandular to villous-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.8 mm, flattened, sometimes vitreous, distinctly multicellular, gland-tipped.

basal and cauline or basal not persistent;

petiole 0 mm or proximals 1–95 mm;

blade subpinnately, sometimes palmately, 5–7-veined, ovate-elliptic to ovate or suborbicular, 4–125 mm, 1–2 times longer than wide, gradually or abruptly reduced in size distally, base rounded to cuneate to truncate, margins crenate to coarsely dentate, proximally shallowly toothed to irregularly small-lobed or lyrate-dissected, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous.

Flowers

herkogamous, 1–6, from proximal to distal nodes.

herkogamous, (1–)3–20(–28), from distal nodes, sometimes in relatively compact racemes with reduced bracts.

Styles

hispid-hirtellous.

minutely hirsutulous to villosulous.

Corollas

yellow with small reddish brown dots, abaxial limb with 2 white patches (abaxial ridges), bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, 8–10 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 7–10 mm, lobes obovate-oblong, apex rounded to rounded-cuneate.

yellow, red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, (10–)12–20 mm, exserted 3–5 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 12–24 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divergent at nearly right angles, 20–50 mm, densely, minutely stipitate-glandular.

15–40(–60) mm, villous-glandular or moderately to densely hirtellous, hairs eglandular or glandular and eglandular.

Fruiting calyces

greenish, ridge-angled, tubular, weakly inflated, 6–8 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, densely, minutely stipitate-glandular, lobes pronounced, erect.

nodding, usually without red markings, ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 11–17(–20) mm, villous-glandular or moderately to densely hirtellous, hairs eglandular or glandular and eglandular, throat closing.

Capsules

included, 5–8.5 mm.

included, 7–11(–12) mm.

Anthers

included, glabrous.

= 32.

= 28, 56.

Erythranthe washingtonensis

Erythranthe guttata

Phenology

Flowering May–Sep.

Flowering Apr–Sep.

Habitat

Shallow basalt gravel in narrow channels and intermittent streams, sandy stream banks, open slopes, rocky shelves near seeps.

Springs and seeps, marshes, beaver dams, along rivers, streams, and irrigation canals, loamy soils in conifer forests, wet and damp meadows, wet roadsides.

Elevation

700–1300 m. (2300–4300 ft.)

20–3200(–3700) m. (100–10500(–12100) ft.)

Distribution

[WildflowerSearch map]

AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; ID; MI; MT; NE; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NB; NT; SK; YT; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nayarit, Sonora) [Introduced in Europe]

[WildflowerSearch map]

Discussion

Erythranthe washingtonensis is considered to be extirpated in Washington by the Washington Natural Heritage Program.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Erythranthe guttata is markedly variable in stature, leaf shape, vestiture, flower size, and the separation distance between anthers and stigma; it ranges from subalpine and near-alpine habitats into desert situations where water is available.

In all of Colorado, the Four Corners area, and north-central New Mexico, the vestiture of stems and calyces is consistently densely hirsute-hirtellous, without glandular hairs. Plants with similar vestiture also occur in British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington, and in scattered localities elsewhere. In northwestern Arizona, California Nevada, and southern Oregon, vestiture is consistently villous-glandular, without eglandular hairs. Elsewhere in the geographic range the vestiture is a mix of hirsute-hirtellous (eglandular) and villous-glandular hairs. Other morphological variants and patterns, as well as variation in ploidy level, within Erythranthe guttata were discussed by G. L. Nesom (2012i).

Plants of Erythranthe guttata with extremely large corollas have been frequently collected on the Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island, and in other Alaskan localities (for example, Admiralty Island Amakuk, Juneau, and Yakutat Bay). Corolla tube-throats are 19–26 mm, and the limbs are expanded to 18–25 mm. The type collection of E. guttata is one of these plants, and the name E. guttata may prove to apply most appropriately only to Alaskan populations. Diploids and tetraploids appear to be sympatric in Alaska.

Mimulus guttatus subsp. haidensis was described as an endemic subalpine race that occurs in and along the flanks of the Queen Charlotte Mountains on Graham Island and Moresby Island. The subspecies was distinguished on the basis of its hirtellous vestiture, but plants of similar hirtellous vestiture occur over the whole range of the species. A tetraploid chromosome number (2n = 56) was reported for subsp. haidensis from a total of five localities on Graham Island and Moresby Island (J. A. Calder and R. L. Taylor 1968, vol. 2), and diploids (2n = 28) were documented from one locality on each of the two islands. At least one of the diploids has densely hirtellous stems, pedicels, and calyces, matching the morphology of subsp. haidensis.

Erythranthe guttata is naturalized in Europe and has been introduced to the northeastern United States (Connecticut, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania) and eastern Canada (New Brunswick).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 396.

FNA vol. 17, p. 411.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Erythranthe

Sibling taxa

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. willisii

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

Synonyms

Mimulus washingtonensis

Mimulus guttatus, M. clementinus, M. equinus, M. glabratus var. adscendens, M. grandiflorus, M. guttatus subsp. haidensis, M. guttatus var. puberulus, M. hirsutus, M. langsdorffii var. argutus, M. langsdorffii var. californicus, M. langsdorffii var. guttatus, M. langsdorffii var. minimus, M. langsdorffii var. platyphyllus, M. lyratus, M. paniculatus, M. petiolaris, M. prionophyllus, M. puberulus, M. rivularis

Name authority

(Gandoger) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 39. (2012) — (as washingtoniensis)

(de Candolle) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)

Web links

Local floras: BC, CA, OR, WA
Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, MI Flora, PNW Herbaria, SW CO Wildflowers
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
LBJ Wildflower Center
SEINet
Plants of the World Online
Encyclopedia of Life
Wikipedia
Google Image Search

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America, OregonFlora, UW Burke Herbarium

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Erythranthe washingtonensis

Erythranthe guttata

Erythranthe washingtonensis

Erythranthe guttata