1. Fruiting calyces inflated and sagittally compressed with abaxial lobes characteristically upcurving and closing throat or not; corollas yellow, often red-spotted; leaf blades palmately, sometimes subpinnately, veined. | → 2 |
| → 3 |
3. Corolla lobes fimbriate; stems procumbent; plants mat-forming. | → 4 |
4. Leaf blade surfaces villous-hirsute, hairs whitish, thickened, flattened, stiff, gland-tipped, fruiting calyces villous-hirsute, fruiting pedicels and distal stems stipitate-glandular; corollas: abaxial limbs spreading. | E. parvula |
4. Leaf blade surfaces: abaxials glabrous, adaxials sometimes moderately villosulous, fruiting calyces glabrous or sparsely villosulous-glandular, hairs vitreous, flattened, eglandular or minutely gland-tipped, fruiting pedicels and stems glabrous; corollas: abaxial limbs strongly reflexed. | E. chinatiensis |
3. Corolla lobes not fimbriate (entire or apically notched); stems decumbent, ascending, or erect to suberect, sometimes procumbent; plants not mat-forming. | → 5 |
5. Rhizomes prolifically produced, filiform. | → 6 |
6. Leaf blade surfaces hirtellous to softly hirsute. | E. corallina |
6. Leaf blade surfaces glabrous, glabrate, pilose, villous, glandular-villous, or stipitate-glandular. | → 7 |
7. Flowers 6–16, from proximal to distal nodes; corolla tube-throats 10–15 mm; fruiting pedicels (25–)40–75 mm; stems usually erect, 20–50 cm. | E. utahensis |
7. Flowers 1–3(–5), from distal nodes; corolla tube-throats 9–11 or 15–28 mm; fruiting pedicels 10–35(–40) mm; stems erect to erect-ascending, procumbent, or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, 2–35 cm. | → 8 |
8. Stems procumbent or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, 3–10 cm; plants forming matted colonies; leaf blades 3–12 mm, margins entire, mucronulate, or barely denticulate; corolla tube-throats 15–18 mm. | E. caespitosa |
8. Stems erect to erect-ascending, 2–35 cm; plants solitary to colonial; leaf blades 5–35(–55) mm, margins shallowly dentate to denticulate; corolla tube-throats 9–11 mm or 15–28 mm. | → 9 |
9. Corolla tube-throats 15–28 mm, exserted 5–10 mm beyond calyx margin. | E. tilingii |
9. Corolla tube-throats 9–11 mm, exserted 0–1(–2) mm beyond calyx margin. | E. minor |
5. Rhizomes usually 1–few, usually broader than filiform. | → 10 |
10. Calyx throats not closing at maturity. | → 11 |
11. Corollas weakly bilabiate, tube-throats 6–8 mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin, limbs expanded 5–8 mm; flowers plesiogamous. | E. geyeri |
11. Corollas strongly bilabiate, tube-throats 10–14 mm, exserted 5–8 mm beyond calyx margin, limbs expanded 10–15 mm; flowers herkogamous. | E. michiganensis |
10. Calyx throats closing at maturity. | → 12 |
12. Leaf blades oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, usually 3–4 times longer than wide, bases attenuate, margins evenly, shallowly dentate or crenate to mucronate or mucronulate; plants glabrous. | E. scouleri |
12. Leaf blades ovate to ovate-elliptic, broadly elliptic, suborbicular to broadly ovate-triangular or ovate-lanceolate, usually 1–2 times longer than wide, bases rounded, cuneate, subcordate, or truncate, margins dentate (E. decora) or crenate to dentate or toothed, rarely lobed or dissected; plants glabrate or hairy, rarely glabrous. | → 13 |
13. Leaf blades ovate-triangular to ovate-lanceolate, bases rounded to truncate to shallowly cuneate, palmately (3–)5–7-veined; corolla tube-throats 18–26 mm; stems minutely hirtellous, sometimes glabrate. | E. decora |
13. Leaf blades ovate-elliptic to ovate or suborbicular, bases rounded, cuneate, truncate, or subcordate, usually subpinnately 5–7-veined; corolla tube-throats (10–)12–20 mm or (14–)16–24 mm; stems villous-glandular to hirtellous, hirsutulous, or pilose-hirsutulous. | → 14 |
14. Stems (6–)15–65(–80) cm; fruiting pedicels, fruiting calyces, and distal stems vestiture variable, not puberulent-glandular; corolla tube-throats (10–)12–20 mm, exserted 3–5 mm beyond calyx margin; fruiting calyces 11–17(–20) mm. | E. guttata |
14. Stems (25–)50–120(–160) cm; fruiting pedicels, fruiting calyces, and distal stems densely puberulent, hairs a mix of crinkly and minutely stipitate-glandular; corolla tube-throats (14–)16–24 mm, exserted (8–)10–15 mm beyond calyx margin; fruiting calyces 15–22(–25) mm. | E. grandis |
2. Plants fibrous-rooted or taprooted, without rhizomes or stolons (sometimes rooting at nodes). | → 15 |
15. Flowers herkogamous or plesiogamous, chasmogamous; corolla tube-throats (4–)7–23 mm, exserted (0–)3–8 mm (sometimes 1 mm in smallest corollas of E. microphylla) beyond fruiting calyx margin. | → 16 |
16. Stems moderately to densely villous-glandular, at least proximally. | → 17 |
17. Stems, leaves, and fruiting pedicels moderately to densely villous-glandular, without eglandular hairs, fruiting calyces densely hirtellous, sometimes sparsely stipitate-glandular, densely villous at sinuses; fruiting pedicels 15–45 mm; flowers herkogamous. | E. marmorata |
17. Stems, leaves, fruiting pedicels, and fruiting calyces moderately villous-glandular with gland-tipped hairs, mixed hirtellous and stipitate-glandular, or moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous-eglandular; fruiting pedicels 7–17 mm; flowers plesiogamous or herkogamous. | → 18 |
18. Corollas tube-throats 11–20 mm, exserted 4–8 mm beyond calyx margin; flowers herkogamous; coastal and near-coastal localities in Monterey, San Luis Obispo, and Santa Cruz counties, California. | E. arenicola |
18. Corollas tube-throats 8–12 mm, exserted 1–2 mm beyond calyx margin; flowers plesiogamous; Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. | E. thermalis |
16. Stems delicately, sparsely stipitate-glandular, short villous-glandular, glabrous, or glabrate, sometimes hirtellous or distals puberulent-glandular. | → 19 |
19. Corollas pale yellow, palate dark yellow, drying blue-green; s Arizona, New Mexico. | E. unimaculata |
19. Corollas, including palate, usually yellow, sometimes with a median splotch or red-spotted; British Columbia, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington. | → 20 |
20. Leaf blade margins bipinnately dissected, ca. 5–12(–15) primary divisions on each side. | E. filicifolia |
20. Leaf blade margins entire or toothed to sometimes lobed at base. | → 21 |
21. Cauline leaf blades 5–15(–30) × 1–5 mm. | → 22 |
22. Cauline leaf blades 5–15(–30) mm; plants glabrous or stems, leaves, and fruiting calyces minutely stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, at least just above nodes; fruiting calyces 6–13 mm; corollas without a large red splotch; Colusa, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, and Sonoma counties, California. | E. nudata |
22. Cauline leaf blades 7–10 mm; plants glabrous; fruiting calyces (4–)5–6 mm; corollas with a large red splotch at base of proximal middle lip; Plumas County, California. | E. percaulis |
21. Cauline leaf blades (3–)10–50 × 3–25 mm. | → 23 |
23. Distal cauline leaf blades connate-perfoliate, disclike; stems and leaf surfaces glaucous. | E. glaucescens |
23. Distal cauline leaves subclasping or narrowly perfoliate, not connate-perfoliate, not disclike; stems and leaf surfaces not glaucous. | → 24 |
24. Flowers usually from distal nodes; corolla tube-throats (6–)8–16(–20) mm, exserted (1–)2–6(–8) mm beyond calyx margin, limbs expanded 8–25 mm; stems and fruiting pedicels: distals hirtellous or mixed hirtellous and stipitate-glandular, sometimes only short villous-glandular, stems sometimes glabrous below inflorescence; British Columbia, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Washington. | E. microphylla |
24. Flowers usually evenly distributed from proximal to distal nodes; corolla tube-throats 7–10(–12) mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin, limbs expanded 8–12 mm; stems and fruiting pedicels short, delicately stipitate-glandular, distals minutely puberulent-glandular; Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Placer, Tehama, and Tuolumne counties, California. | E. pardalis |
15. Flowers plesiogamous, chasmogamous or cleistogamous; corolla tube-throats 4–14 mm, exserted 0–5 mm beyond fruiting calyx margin. | → 25 |
25. Flowers chasmogamous; corolla limbs expanded 2–14 mm, tube-throats 4–14 mm. | → 26 |
26. Distal leaves closely paired and auriculate-clasping; stems usually glabrous. | → 27 |
27. Flowers from remote distal nodes; stems glabrous, sometimes minutely hirtellous in inflorescence, hairs deflexed, eglandular; fruiting calyces (7–)9–14 mm; British Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. | E. arvensis |
27. Flowers from distal nodes or all nodes; stems glabrous or sparsely, minutely stipitate-glandular; fruiting calyces 7–18(–20) mm; Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah. | → 28 |
28. Fruiting calyx throats not closing; flowers often produced from all nodes; stems, fruiting pedicels, and calyces glabrous or calyces minutely scabrous-hirtellous; fruiting calyces 7–11 mm; Texas. | E. inamoena |
28. Fruiting calyx throats closing; flowers at distal nodes; stems, fruiting pedicels, and fruiting calyces sparsely stipitate-glandular; fruiting calyces (8–)14–18(–20) mm; Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah. | E. cordata |
26. Distal leaves not paired and not auriculate-clasping; stems glabrous or sparsely hirtellous and/or finely villosulous-glandular. | → 29 |
29. Calyx lobes usually 3 or 3 and 5 on same plant, if 5 then with 2 interpolated lobes much smaller than abaxial pair. | E. calciphila |
29. Calyx lobes 5, ca. equal size or adaxial slightly longer. | → 30 |
30. Leaves as long as wide or wider than long, blades elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, suborbicular, or depressed-ovate, margins irregularly dentate to dentate-serrate or nearly lacerate-dentate, commonly doubly toothed; plants commonly producing tiny cleistogamous flowers on branches separate from those with larger flowers; corolla tube-throats (5–)8–12 mm. | E. nasuta |
30. Leaves longer than wide, blades elliptic to elliptic-obovate, oblanceolate, or oblong, margins narrowly pinnately lobed or dissected, sometimes merely shallowly toothed; plants producing flowers of only one size; corolla tube-throats 4–6 mm. | E. laciniata |
25. Flowers cleistogamous; corolla limbs not or barely expanded or only 1–3 mm, tube-throats 4–12 mm. | → 31 |
31. Flowers and fruits subsessile; fruiting pedicels shorter than or equal to subtending leaves. | E. brachystylis |
31. Flowers and fruits distinctly pedicellate; fruiting pedicels longer than subtending leaves. | → 32 |
32. Distal leaves: petioles 0 mm, blade surfaces glabrous, sometimes hirtellous; stems villous-glandular just above nodes, sometimes hirtellous distally; fruiting calyces with adaxial lobe usually distinctly longer than abaxial, slightly falcate. | E. nasuta |
32. Distal leaves: petioles 0 mm or 1–4 mm, blade surfaces glabrous or villous on one or both surfaces; stems usually glabrous; fruiting calyces with adaxial lobe not distinctly longer than abaxial (except in E. regni), not falcate. | → 33 |
33. Fruiting calyces glabrous, (5–)7–10 mm. | → 34 |
34. Stems 15–45 cm, terete, sometimes becoming slightly fistulose; leaf blades 15–20(–50) × 15–25(–50) mm; fruiting pedicels 15–30 mm; corolla tube-throats 9–12 mm, exserted 3–5 mm beyond calyx margin; Arizona. | E. regni |
34. Stems 2–8 cm, 4-angled; leaf blades 5–11 × 3–9 mm; fruiting pedicels 6–14 mm; corolla tube-throats 4–6 mm, exserted 0.5–1 mm beyond calyx margin; Colorado. | E. hallii |
33. Fruiting calyces stipitate-glandular, hirtellous, or hirsutulous, sometimes sparsely glandular or mixed glandular-hirsutulous, (7–)9–18(–20) mm. | → 35 |
35. Fruiting calyces stipitate-glandular, (8–)14–18(–20) mm. | E. cordata |
35. Fruiting calyces usually minutely hirtellous, (7–)9–14 mm. | → 36 |
36. Abaxial surfaces of distal and bracteal leaves densely villous, hairs long, sometimes vitreous, flattened, eglandular, multicellular; middle and distal cauline leaf blades depressed-ovate or broadly orbicular to nearly reniform; petioles 0 mm; stems, leaves, and fruiting calyces usually green; fruiting calyx throats closing or not, remaining open; stems erect to ascending; plants sometimes rooting at proximal cauline nodes if decumbent. | E. arvensis |
36. Leaves glabrous, proximals sometimes sparsely villous; middle and distal cauline leaf blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate; petioles: distals 1–4 mm; stems, leaves, and fruiting calyces usually dark purplish; fruiting calyx throats closing; stems erect; plants not rooting at proximal nodes. | E. charlestonensis |
1. Fruiting calyces not inflated and sagittally compressed, abaxial lobes not upcurving; corollas yellow, pink, red, crimson, magenta, lavender, or purple, rarely white; leaf blades palmately or pinnately veined. | → 37 |
37. Plants rhizomatous and/or stoloniferous, perennial. | → 38 |
38. Corollas red to purple or orange, rarely white; petioles 0 mm; blades: bases clasping to subclasping. | → 39 |
39. Stems scandent to pendent, stoloniferous; fruiting pedicels 10–30(–40) mm. | E. eastwoodiae |
39. Stems erect to ascending or decumbent, rhizomatous, without stolons; fruiting pedicels (25–)30–120(–150) mm. | → 40 |
40. Corollas purple or light pink, rarely crimson, pale violet, white, pinkish white, yellowish white, or lavender; anthers included; leaf blade margins denticulate, subentire, or entire. | → 41 |
41. Corollas purple, rarely crimson, pale violet, white, pinkish white, yellowish white, or lavender; calyx tubes 12–15(–17) × 9–12 mm; widespread in nw North America. | E. lewisii |
41. Corollas light pink; calyx tubes 14–19 × 6–8 mm; Sierra Nevada, California and Nevada. | E. erubescens |
40. Corollas orange-red to scarlet, deep, dull, or red-orange, or crimson, rarely yellow or yellow-tinged; anthers exserted; leaf blade margins dentate to serrate. | → 42 |
42. Corolla tube-throats tubular, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin. | E. verbenacea |
42. Corolla tube-throats funnelform or tubular, exserted 2–12 mm beyond calyx margin. | → 43 |
43. Leaf blade surfaces adaxially ± glandular-villous to glabrate on veins and lamina; fruiting calyces 17–28(–30) mm, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, lobe apices attenuate-acute; corolla tube-throats (15–)20–30 mm; California, Nevada, Oregon, (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. | E. cardinalis |
43. Leaf blade surfaces adaxially glabrous or minutely sessile- or stipitate-glandular along veins; fruiting calyces (27–)29–34 mm, lobes 7–10 mm, ovate, lobe apices abruptly attenuate to linear-caudate; corolla tube-throats 29–36 mm; Arizona, 2100–3300 m. | E. cinnabarina |
38. Corollas yellow to orange-yellow, often red-spotted or -striped or brown-spotted; petioles 0 mm or 0.5–5(–20) mm; blades: bases subclasping to clasping or not clasping. | → 44 |
44. Stems with shortened internodes; leaves all basal or near basal (sometimes proximal cauline). | → 45 |
45. Leaf blades oblanceolate to elliptic-obovate; corollas densely hirsute on abaxial side of opening. | E. primuloides |
45. Leaf blades linear to narrowly oblanceolate; corollas loosely hirsute on abaxial side of opening. | E. linearifolia |
44. Stems with evident internodes; leaves cauline, basal usually not persistent. | → 46 |
46. Stems erect to erect-ascending, eglandular; corollas ± bilabiate. | E. dentata |
46. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent to procumbent or prostrate, glandular; corollas weakly bilabiate to nearly radially symmetric (strongly bilabiate in E. jungermannioides). | → 47 |
47. Calyx lobes 1–2 mm; anthers glabrous; styles scabrous; stolons forming overwintering turions; plants usually on cliff faces. | E. jungermannioides |
47. Calyx lobes 2–9 mm; anthers glabrous or hairy; styles glabrous; stolons without turions; plants usually of habitats other than cliff faces. | → 48 |
48. Cauline leaf blades 30–70 mm; fruiting pedicels (15–)22–50 mm; calyx lobes 5–9 mm, linear-lanceolate to narrowly triangular. | E. ptilota |
48. Cauline leaf blades 10–40(–50) mm; fruiting pedicels 4–25 mm; calyx lobes 2–4 mm, triangular to linear-lanceolate or narrowly triangular-acuminate. | → 49 |
49. Stems (2–)5–20 cm, usually erect, nodes 2–4(or 5); widely distributed. | E. moschata |
49. Stems 7–45 cm, usually sprawling-decumbent, nodes (2–)4–15+; North Feather River, California. | E. willisii |
37. Plants taprooted or fibrous-rooted, annual. | → 50 |
50. Leaves: petioles 0 mm, blades: bases subclasping to clasping. | → 51 |
51. Corollas bicolored (3 lobes of abaxial limbs yellow or medial lobe yellow and 2 lateral lobes maroon, 2 lobes of adaxial limbs maroon). | E. shevockii |
51. Corollas not bicolored (lobes yellow, pinkish, or purple). | → 52 |
| E. carsonensis |
52. Corollas white to light lavender, pinkish, rosy, or purplish. | → 53 |
53. Corollas white to lavender, pinkish, or rosy, palate and abaxial limb with or without small, reddish spots, yellow ridges present; corolla limbs not expanded. | E. parishii |
53. Corollas pink to purple, palate and abaxial limb sometimes with yellow markings, yellow ridges absent; corolla limbs expanded 3–7 mm. | → 54 |
54. Corollas strongly bilabiate, adaxial lips darker than abaxials; corolla limbs expanded 7–10 mm. | E. purpurea |
54. Corollas weakly bilabiate, adaxial lips not darker than abaxials; corolla limbs expanded 3–7 mm. | E. androsacea |
50. Leaves: petioles 0 mm or to 30(–35) mm, blades: bases not clasping or subclasping. | → 55 |
55. Corollas light lavender to purple, abaxial lobes and palates with yellow patches, tube-throats 1.5–2.5 mm; stigmas persistent in fruit; capsules distinctly exserted. | E. exigua |
55. Corollas yellow to pink, lavender, purple, magenta, red, or white, tube-throats 3–17 mm; stigmas not persistent; capsules included to slightly exserted. | → 56 |
56. Petioles 2–3 mm, laterally compressed, deeply saccate at base, usually containing a lenticular propagule. | E. gemmipara |
56. Petioles 0–30 mm, not compressed, not saccate at base, not containing a lenticular propagule. | → 57 |
57. Fruiting calyx margins subtruncate, lobes reduced. | → 58 |
58. Fruiting calyx lobes: 1 usually slightly longer; corollas yellow, abaxial limbs with a large maroon splotch; stems glandular-puberulent; petioles 1–20(–30) mm. | E. alsinoides |
58. Fruiting calyx lobes subequal; corollas pale pink to rose pink, rose red, rose purple, or purple to magenta, throat sometimes yellow, abaxial limbs without a large maroon splotch; stems glabrous; petioles 0–5 mm. | → 59 |
59. Corollas pale pink to rose pink or purple to magenta, throats sometimes yellow, tube-throats 5–9 mm, limbs expanded 5–6 mm; flowers plesiogamous; fruiting pedicels 5–15 mm. | E. inconspicua |
59. Corollas rose red or pale pink to rose purple, throats sometimes yellow, tube-throats 8–12 mm, limbs expanded 7–12 mm; flowers herkogamous; fruiting pedicels 6–7 mm or 10–23 mm. | → 60 |
60. Fruiting pedicels 6–7 mm, shorter than subtending leaves. | E. grayi |
60. Fruiting pedicels 10–23 mm, longer than subtending leaves. | E. acutidens |
57. Fruiting calyx margins distinctly lobed, lobes pronounced. | → 61 |
61. Fruiting calyces strongly angled, ribs corky, lobes spreading. | → 62 |
62. Corollas yellow, adaxial lip white, sometimes yellow. | E. bicolor |
62. Corollas pink to red, rose red, red-purple, purple, or lavender. | → 63 |
63. Corolla tube-throats 3–7 mm, throats usually light purple to lavender (similar in color to rest of corolla); fruiting pedicels 4–12 mm. | E. breweri |
63. Corolla tube-throats 8–12(–17) mm, throats dark red-purple (darker than rest of corolla); fruiting pedicels 9–30 mm. | E. filicaulis |
61. Fruiting calyces weakly or strongly angled, not corky, lobes erect. | → 64 |
64. Corollas pink, purple, yellow, rose lavender, or (in E. barbata and E. shevockii) bicolored dark maroon and yellow. | → 65 |
65. Calyx lobe margins ciliate. | → 66 |
66. Corollas: 2 adaxial lobes much reduced, smaller than 3 abaxials. | E. gracilipes |
66. Corollas: abaxial and adaxial lobes ± same size. | → 67 |
67. Fruiting calyces becoming red-angled or red; corollas weakly bilabiate, limbs expanded 3–5 mm, lobes entire or weakly notched. | E. rubella |
67. Fruiting calyces sometimes red-spotted on ribs, becoming straw colored; corollas strongly bilabiate, limbs expanded 5–17 mm, lobes deeply notched. | → 68 |
68. Fruiting calyces minutely glandular, sometimes red-spotted. | E. sierrae |
68. Fruiting calyces glabrous, sometimes red-spotted on ribs, becoming straw colored. | E. palmeri |
65. Calyx lobe margins glabrous. | → 69 |
69. Fruiting pedicels erect to ascending. | → 70 |
70. Corollas deep pink to purple, abaxial limbs with 2 yellow ridges, limbs expanded 7–15 mm. | E. discolor |
70. Corollas pale pink to pink, palate with a broad yellow patch covering ridges and lateral areas, limbs expanded 16–25 mm. | E. rhodopetra |
69. Fruiting pedicels ascending to often spreading horizontally. | → 71 |
71. Corollas bicolored (2 lobes of adaxial lips maroon, 3 lobes of abaxial limbs yellow or medial lobe yellow and 2 lateral lobes maroon). | E. barbata |
71. Corollas not bicolored (lobes pinkish to purple). | → 72 |
72. Styles distally pubescent; stigmas distinctly shorter than corolla tubes. | E. diffusa |
72. Styles glabrous; stigmas equal in length to corolla tubes or exserted. | E. hardhamiae |
64. Corollas yellow or (in color morph of E. calcicola) white, sometimes pinkish or flesh colored. | → 73 |
73. Stems erect; leaves: blades linear to lanceolate, sometimes ovate or spatulate, 0.5–8(–10) mm wide, margins entire, rarely toothed, petioles 0(–2) mm. | → 74 |
74. Abaxial corolla limb with one large central red spot, if red spot absent then throat mottled red. | → 75 |
75. Corolla tube-throats 4–6 mm, indistinct from throat, palates glabrous or sparsely bearded. | E. suksdorfii |
75. Corolla tube-throats (5–)7–11 mm, distinct from abruptly expanding throat, palates densely bearded. | E. carsonensis |
74. Abaxial corolla limb red-spotted, but not with a single large red spot. | → 76 |
76. Corollas yellow, tube-throats funnelform, adaxial surfaces red-tinged. | E. discolor |
76. Corollas yellow, white, or bicolored (abaxial limbs yellow with red spots, adaxials maroon-purple), tube-throats funnelform to cylindric, adaxial surfaces not red-tinged. | → 77 |
77. Corollas yellow or white, tube-throats 6–13 mm; calyx ribs strongly angled. | E. calcicola |
77. Corollas yellow or bicolored (abaxial limbs yellow with red spots, adaxials maroon-purple), tube-throats (5–)6–15 mm; calyx ribs weak. | → 78 |
78. Corolla tube-throats cylindric to funnelform, lateral lobes entire or shallowly notched, palates glabrous or sparsely bearded; calyx margins ciliate. | E. montioides |
78. Corolla tube-throats cylindric, lateral lobes 2-fid, palates bearded; calyx margins glabrous. | E. barbata |
73. Stems prostrate to procumbent-trailing, decumbent, ascending, or erect; leaves: blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, elliptic, oblong, ovate, obovate, or deltate, (1–)2–30 mm wide, margins toothed, sometimes entire, petioles (0–)1–30 mm. | → 79 |
79. Cauline leaves: petioles 1–30(–35) mm, blades ovate, sometimes deltate, ovate-lanceolate, broadly lanceolate, elliptic-ovate, or triangular, palmately or pinnately veined, bases rounded to cuneate, truncate, or cordate. | → 80 |
80. Stems prostrate to ascending-erect, sharply bent at basal nodes; fruiting pedicels usually closely paired. | E. hymenophylla |
80. Stems erect to prostrate, decumbent, or ascending, straight (if erect) or geniculate at nodes; fruiting pedicels not paired. | → 81 |
81. Stems and pedicels villous or villous-glandular, pedicels sometimes stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.5–1.2(–2) mm; leaf blades pinnately to subpinnately veined, sometimes ± palmately veined. | → 82 |
82. Stems erect to ascending; fruiting calyces greenish; styles hispid-hirtellous; Oregon. | E. washingtonensis |
82. Stems erect to prostrate, decumbent, or ascending; fruiting calyces usually red-spotted; styles glabrous; widespread. | → 83 |
83. Corolla tube-throats (4–)5–10 mm, limbs expanded 3–4 mm diam.; flowers plesiogamous. | E. floribunda |
83. Corolla tube-throats 9–12 mm, limbs expanded 10–18 mm diam.; flowers herkogamous. | E. geniculata |
81. Stems and fruiting pedicels stipitate-glandular, sometimes puberulent-glandular to villous-glandular, hairs 0.05–0.5 mm; leaf blades palmately veined. | → 84 |
84. Corolla tube-throats 8–12(–14) mm. | → 85 |
85. Stems moderately puberulent-glandular to villous-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.8 mm, flattened, vitreous, leaves moderately puberulent-glandular to villous-glandular, fruiting calyces densely stipitate-glandular; stems terete; styles hispid-hirtellous. | E. washingtonensis |
85. Stems and leaves sparsely sessile- to subsessile-glandular, hairs 0.05–0.2 mm, fruiting calyces sparsely stipitate-glandular or glabrous; stems 4-angled; styles glabrous. | E. ampliata |
84. Corolla tube-throats 5–8 mm. | → 86 |
86. Petioles (5–)8–25 mm; blades 4–12(–17) mm; fruiting pedicels 10–25(–38) mm; fruiting calyces 5–6(–7) mm, sparsely stipitate-glandular to sparsely hirtellous; corolla tube-throats 7–8 mm. | E. patula |
86. Petioles 3–5(–8) mm; blades 4–20 mm; fruiting pedicels 6–13 mm; fruiting calyces 4–5 mm, densely invested with tiny, waxy-white, eglandular, papillose hairs between angles; corolla tube-throats 5–7 mm. | E. taylorii |
79. Cauline leaves: petioles 0 mm or 1–10(–15) mm, blades elliptic to oblong, lanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate, or obovate, palmately 3–5-veined, sometimes 1-veined, subpalmately veined, or with 1–3 distal vein pairs diverging pinnately, bases attenuate, sometimes cuneate, obtuse, rounded, subauriculate, truncate, or cordate. | → 87 |
87. Stems villous-glandular, hairs 0.2–1(–1.5) mm. | → 88 |
88. Midcauline leaves: petioles 1–12 mm; corolla tube-throats (4–)5–10 mm. | E. floribunda |
88. Midcauline leaves: petioles 0 mm or 1–10(–15) mm; corolla tube-throats 9–16 mm. | → 89 |
89. Midcauline leaves: petioles 0 mm or proximals 1–3(–5) mm; corollas red-dotted but without discrete red splotches or white patches, tube-throats 9–12(–14) mm; fruiting calyces: ribs angled, lobes erect. | E. arenaria |
89. Midcauline leaves: petioles 5–10(–15) mm; corollas: base of each lobe with a prominent maroon blotch, abaxial limbs with white patch at 2 sinus bases, tube-throats 12–16 mm; fruiting calyces: ribs rounded-thickened, lobes often incurved. | E. norrisii |
87. Stems sessile-glandular, minutely stipitate-glandular, or puberulent, sometimes minutely hirtellous, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm. | → 90 |
90. Petioles 2–9 mm; fruiting pedicels divergent-arcuate. | → 91 |
91. Leaves basal and cauline; petioles 2–9 mm, distinctly 3-veined, winged; fruiting pedicels 12–38 mm; tube-throats, lobes, and palate ridges yellow. | E. pulsiferae |
91. Leaves usually cauline; petioles 4–8 mm, 1-veined, not winged; fruiting pedicels 9–17 mm; tube-throats yellow, lobes (limbs) pink or white with pink distal borders, palate ridges yellow. | E. trinitiensis |
90. Petioles 0 mm or 1–3 mm; fruiting pedicels straight. | → 92 |
92. Fruiting calyces 8–12 mm, short stipitate-glandular or sessile-glandular; fruiting pedicels 11–28 mm; leaves basal and cauline. | E. latidens |
92. Fruiting calyces 5–11 mm, sparsely, minutely hirtellous, eglandular, sometimes sparsely sessile-glandular; fruiting pedicels 5–11 mm or 7–18 mm; leaves usually cauline, basal usually deciduous by flowering. | → 93 |
93. Fruiting calyces 5–6 mm; fruiting pedicels 5–11 mm; corolla tube-throats 3.5–5 mm, not exserted beyond calyx margins; distal leaves: petioles 1–3 mm. | E. breviflora |
93. Fruiting calyces 7–11 mm; fruiting pedicels 7–18 mm; corolla tube-throats 5–8 mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margins; distals leaves: petioles 0 mm. | E. inflatula |