Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe unimaculata |
|
---|---|---|
crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
green-palate monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, shallowly fibrous-rooted or slender-taprooted, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect or basally ascending-erect, simple or few-branched, becoming fistulose in larger plants, (2–)10–30(–100) cm, delicately short glandular-villous to stipitate-glandular, often glabrous below inflorescence. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
usually cauline, basal sometimes persistent, distal connate-perfoliate, often bractlike; petiole: proximals 4–10(–15) mm, distals 0 mm; blade: proximals sometimes subpinnately veined, usually with (1 or)2 pairs arising from midvein above base, becoming palmately veined distally, ovate-lanceolate to ovate or broadly ovate-elliptic, mid cauline 12–40(–50) × 10–25(–45) mm, base rounded to truncate or cuneate, margins shallowly dentate-serrate to serrate, teeth 7–12 per side, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, sometimes with sharp-pointed hirtellous, vitreous-flattened, or gland-tipped hairs. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, (1–)3–14, usually from mid stem and distally, chasmogamous. |
Styles | glabrous. |
hirtellous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
pale yellow, palate and abaxial throat dark yellow, drying blue-green, red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform to subfunnelform, (7–)9–14 mm, exserted 3–4 mm beyond calyx margin; limb broadly expanded (8–17 mm pressed), palate densely bearded. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
10–40 mm, delicately short glandular-villous to stipitate-glandular, often glabrous below inflorescence. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
nodding 30–90º, broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 9–13(–15) mm, sparsely glandular-villous to stipitate-glandular, throat closing, adaxial lobe distinctly longer. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 5–8 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
= 28. |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe unimaculata |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jan–Jun. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Stream and canal sides, pool edges, canyon bottoms, sand, gravel, and mud, riparian habitats, pine-oak forests. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 200–2000 m. (700–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora) |
Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe unimaculata is recognized by its annual duration (fibrous-rooted, without stolons or rhizomes), delicate-glandular vestiture, mostly sessile to subsessile, often widely spaced leaves, closed fruiting calyces, and relatively large, pale yellow to nearly white corollas with a dark yellow palate that commonly dries blue-green. The breeding system is allogamous. Plants commonly are single-stemmed and usually erect but sometimes produce decumbent-ascending stems branching from the base, these sometimes rooting at proximal nodes. Erythranthe unimaculata is known from Cochise, Gila, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona, and from Doña Ana County, New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 413. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus unimaculatus |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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