Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe thermalis |
|
---|---|---|
crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
Yellowstone monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, taprooted, rarely with a basal, runnerlike stem. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 1.5–10(–15) cm, villous-glandular proximally, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular distally. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
basal and cauline, cauline 2–5 pairs; petiole: basal and proximal cauline 3–20 mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, suborbicular to ovate, depressed-ovate, ovate-deltate, or reniform, 4–15(–20) × 4–20 mm, base cuneate to truncate or subcordate, margins evenly crenate-dentate to subentire, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
plesiogamous, 1–5(–9), usually at distal nodes, chasmogamous. |
Styles | glabrous. |
hirtellous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
yellow, red-dotted or not, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 8–12 mm, exserted 1–2 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 12–15 mm, throat open, palate villous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
7–12 mm, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 8–11 mm, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular, throat closing, adaxial lobe longer than others. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 5–6 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
= 28. |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe thermalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Mar–Aug. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Hot, shallow, quick-drying soils around thermal pools and vents. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 2200–2600 m. (7200–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
WY |
Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe thermalis is endemic to Yellowstone National Park in northwestern Wyoming. The species is recognized by its annual duration (without rhizomes), reduced stature and leaf size, and short, but broad-limbed, corollas with autogamous fertilization. Typical E. guttata (rhizomatous, herkogamous) also grows in the immediately surrounding areas but apparently not in hot soils. Each species maintains distinctions in growth form, phenology and mating system in common garden experiments (Y. Lekberg et al. 2012). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 413. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus thermalis |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (A. Nelson) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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