Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe rubella |
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crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
little redstem monkeyflower, red stem himulus, redstem monkeyflower, redstem or little redstem monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, taprooted. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect, simple, sometimes branched from basal nodes, 3–32 cm, minutely puberulent. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), linear to elliptic, 5–22(–30) × 1–5 mm, base narrowed, margins entire, sometimes toothed, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces minutely puberulent. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, sometimes plesiogamous, 1–106, from distal or medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
yellow and abaxial limb and throat red dotted or pink to purple and throat yellow, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric, 4–10 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 3–5 mm, lobes entire or weakly notched, abaxial limb glabrous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
2–18 mm. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
becoming red-angled or red, campanulate to nearly cylindric, 4–9 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, glabrous or minutely puberulent, ribs thickened, lobes pronounced, erect, margins ciliate. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 3–8 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
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Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe rubella |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Open slopes and washes. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 300–3000 m. (1000–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; TX; UT; WY; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
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Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 384. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus rubellus, M. gratioloides |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (A. Gray) N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012) |
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