Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe parvula |
|
---|---|---|
crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
Southwestern mat monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Perennials, rhizomatous, sometimes rooting at nodes, mat-forming. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
procumbent, branched, 5–15 cm, stipitate-glandular distally. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
cauline; petiole 1–4 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, ovate to orbicular-ovate or depressed-ovate, 3–11 × 3–9 mm, base truncate to cuneate, margins shallowly denticulate to dentate, teeth 3–5 per side, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces villous-hirsute, hairs whitish, thickened, flattened, stiff, gland-tipped. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
plesiogamous, 2–8, axillary at distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
yellow, red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 6–8 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 4–6 mm, abaxial limb spreading, lobes fimbriate. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
7–15 mm, minutely stipitate-glandular. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
nodding 45–90º, 5-lobed, cylindric-ovoid, inflated, sagittally compressed, 4–5 mm, villous-hirsute, throat closing. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 3–4 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
= 32. |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe parvula |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Sep. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Wet vertical rock faces, ledges, and rocky slopes, seepy wash banks. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 500–2400(–3400) m. (1600–7900(–11200) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
AZ; NM; Mexico (Sonora) |
Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
All monkeyflowers with laciniate-lobed corollas have generally been identified as Mimulus dentilobus B. L. Robinson & Fernald, but these occur as three, morphologically distinct, widely allopatric population systems, each of which is regarded as a separate species (G. L. Nesom 2012g). Erythranthe dentiloba (B. L. Robinson & Fernald) G. L. Nesom, which is endemic to Mexico, is the only one of the three with an allogamous breeding system. Erythranthe parvula is restricted to Arizona and New Mexico except for one locality in northern Sonora, Mexico. Erythranthe chinatiensis is the third species of the group. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 424. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus parvulus |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (Wooton & Standley) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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