Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe jungermannioides |
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crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
Jungermann's monkeyflower, liverwort monkey-flower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Perennials, stoloniferous, stolons thin, forming overwintering turions. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
decumbent to procumbent, simple or branching near base, 5–38(–60) cm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, internodes evident. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 2–5(–20) mm; blade subpalmately to pinnately veined, broadly ovate to broadly lanceolate, 7–35(–40) × 8–25 mm, base rounded, margins sharply, irregularly dentate to denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glandular-villous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2 or 3, from medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
scabrous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
yellow, with scattered red spots, palate ridges with 2 white patches at tips, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (12–)16–20(–24) mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 8–10 mm, lobes obovate-oblong, apex rounded to truncate. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
15–35 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
plicate-angled, cylindric-urceolate, weakly inflated, 6–12 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, lobes 1–2 mm, apex rounded to mucronate. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 5–9 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
= 32. |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe jungermannioides |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering May–Jul(–Aug). |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Basalt crevices in seepage zones in vertical cliff faces and canyon walls. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 100–400(–1200) m. (300–1300(–3900) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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OR; WA
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Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The occurrence of Erythranthe jungermannioides in the Columbia River Gorge of Klickitat County, Washington (the only record from the state of Washington), is based on an imprecise, unconfirmed observation from the early 1990s (Washington National Heritage Program 2005). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 396. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus jungermannioides |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (Suksdorf) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012) |
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