Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe inflatula |
|
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crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
disappearing monkey-flower, ephemeral monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect to ascending, straight or geniculate at nodes, simple or branched at proximal and medial nodes, 6–20(–25) cm, minutely stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
usually cauline, basal usually deciduous by flowering; petiole: proximals 1–3 mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, narrowly ovate or narrowly lanceolate to elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, largest 8–18(–30) × (1–)3–7 mm, relatively even-sized, or slightly reduced distally, base attenuate to obtuse or rounded, margins entire, mucronulate, or denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces minutely stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
plesiogamous, 10–20, from medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
yellow to pale yellow, sparsely red-spotted or not, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric, 5–8 mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin; limb barely widened, lobes broadly obovate, apex rounded or mucronate. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
straight, 7–18 mm, minutely stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
winged, plicate-angled, maturing ovoid-ellipsoid to campanulate or broadly urceolate, distinctly inflated, 7–11 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, sparsely, minutely hirtellous, eglandular, lobes pronounced, erect. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 5–9 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
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Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe inflatula |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Jun–Jul. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Drying edges, banks, and beds of summer-dry watercourses, near drying edges of small lakes or impoundments, often among rocks and shoreline detritus, occasionally in moist protected areas beneath low shrubs. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 1200–1700 m. (3900–5600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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CA; ID; NV; OR |
Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
No natural occurrences of Erythranthe inflatula are known from Washington; the type collection from Klickitat County is from a cultivated plant. Morphological and molecular data (R. J. Meinke 1995; P. M. Beardsley et al. 2004) indicate that Erythranthe inflatula originated as a hybrid between E. breviflora and E. latidens. Its geography and biology suggest that it is reproductively stable. The putative parents are geographically and ecologically separated for most of their ranges, and the range of E. inflatula is considerably broader than the relatively small region where the parents are sympatric. In the region of sympatry, however, E. inflatula may be difficult to distinguish from one or both of its putative parents. G. L. Nesom (2012g) was not able to find morphology that would distinguish the recently described Mimulus evanescens from E. inflatula. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 400. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus inflatulus, M. evanescens |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (Suksdorf) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012) |
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