Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe hallii |
|
---|---|---|
crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
Hall's monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, fibrous-rooted, sometimes apparently rooting at proximal nodes if stems proximally decumbent. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect, simple, 4-angled, 2–8 cm, slender, glabrous. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
basal and cauline or basal deciduous, largest at mid stem or above, cauline relatively few on long internodes; petiole: basal and proximals to midcauline 1–4 mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5–11 × 3–9 mm, base truncate to cuneate, margins very shallowly dentate or denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous or distals and bracteals sparsely villous, hairs vitreous, flattened, eglandular, multicellular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
plesiogamous, (1–)4–10, sometimes from all nodes, usually beginning about mid stem, cleistogamous. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
yellow, usually red-dotted, bilaterally or nearly radially symmetric, bilabiate or nearly regular; tube-throat narrowly cylindric, 4–6 mm, exserted 0.5–1 mm beyond calyx margin; limb barely expanded. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
usually deflexed 90º at calyx, 6–14 mm, longer than subtending leaves. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
sometimes red-dotted, broadly elliptic-ovoid, inflated, sagittally compressed, (5–)7–10 mm, glabrous, throat closing, adaxial lobe not distinctly longer than abaxial, not falcate. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 4–6 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
= 32. |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe hallii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Ledges, seeps, along streams, wet meadows. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 1900–3200 m. (6200–10500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
CO |
Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe hallii is known from Boulder, Clear Creek, Fremont, Grand, Jefferson, Larimer, Routt, and Saguache counties. The Colorado population system is morphologically and geographically coherent. Erythranthe hallii is similar to E. arvensis; both have four-angled stems, autogamous reproduction, a tendency to root at basal nodes and distally, and both have bracteal leaves villous with vitreous, flattened, eglandular, multicellular hairs, although this vestiture is barely developed and often absent in E. hallii. The only reported chromosome number from the Colorado plants (2n = 32) also appears to be distinct among possible relatives of E. hallii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 423. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus hallii, M. guttatus var. hallii |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) |
Web links |