Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe grandis |
|
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crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
large monkey-flower, magnificent monkeyflower, magnificent seep monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Perennials, rhizomatous, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect, sometimes decumbent basally, branched, often fistulose, (25–)50–120(–160) cm, densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
basal and cauline, basal usually not persistent, bracteate in inflorescence; petiole 10–80 mm, gradually reduced distally; blade subpinnately, sometimes palmately, 5–7-veined, ovate to broadly elliptic, 25–60 × 20–40(–60) mm, usually 1–2 times longer than wide, base truncate or truncate-cuneate to subcordate, margins crenulate to dentate, proximally sometimes sublyrate, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces of distals densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 8–26, mostly from distal nodes, usually in bracteate racemes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
hirtellous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
yellow, red-dotted within, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform, (14–)16–24 mm, exserted (8–)10–15 mm beyond calyx margin; limb broadly expanded. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
10–35 mm, densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
straight-erect or nodding 45–100º, ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 15–22(–25) mm, densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs, throat closing. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 8–12 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
= 28. |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe grandis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Sep). |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Beaches, dunes, coastal bluffs, wet cliff faces, mud flats and seeps, marshes, drainage ditches, creeks, rarely in coastal sage scrub. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 0–200(–800) m. (0–700(–2600) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
CA; OR
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Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The densely, evenly puberulent vestiture of pedicels, calyces, and distal stems usually is diagnostic, especially in combination with the large flowers (corollas and mature calyces) and tall stature. Plants from scattered collections are much shorter than normal but have large corollas and characteristic vestiture. Erythranthe grandis characteristically occurs in coastal localities from southern California to northern Oregon but also is found in inland localities and habitats near the coast but well away from salt spray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 412. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus guttatus var. grandis, M. grandis, M. guttatus subsp. litoralis, M. langsdorffii var. grandis, M. procerus |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) |
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