Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe diffusa |
|
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crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
Palomar monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, taprooted. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 4–20 cm, minutely puberulent. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 0 mm; blade 1-veined or palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), lanceolate to ovate, 3–20 × 1–6 mm, base attenuate, margins entire, sometimes toothed, apex acute, surfaces minutely puberulent. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 1–36, from distal or medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
distally pubescent. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
pink to purple, abaxial limb with 2 yellow palate ridges, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (3–)6–10 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 3–14 mm, lobes notched, adaxial limb glabrous, sometimes sparsely bearded. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
ascending to spreading horizontally, (2–)12–60(–68) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
sometimes red-dotted, campanulate, 3–6 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, minutely puberulent, ribs weak, lobes pronounced, erect, margins glabrous. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 5–8 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
Stigmas | distinctly shorter than corolla tube. |
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2n | = 16. |
|
Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe diffusa |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Moist areas in openings of chaparral, dry meadows in pine and oak woodlands. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 300–1800 m. (1000–5900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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CA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe diffusa has been included previously in E. palmeri but can be distinguished morphologically by glabrous margins on the calyx and pubescence on the distal end of the style. It occurs in Orange, Riverside, and San Diego counties as well as close to the California border in Baja California. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 387. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus diffusus, M. grantianus |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (A. L. Grant) N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012) |
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