Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe carsonensis |
|
---|---|---|
crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
Carson Valley monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, taprooted, densely compact. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 2–7(–8) cm, minutely glandular, internodes shortened, not evident. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), linear to spatulate, (3–)5–23 × 1–5 mm, base truncate to truncate-cordate, clasping, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces minutely glandular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 1–35, from distal or medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
yellow, palate red-dotted and 1 large central spot, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric, distinct from abruptly expanding throat, (5–)7–11 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 7–12(–15) mm, each lobe 2-fid, palate densely bearded. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
(3–)5–14 mm. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
campanulate to widely urceolate, 4–7 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, minutely glandular, ribs thickened, lobes pronounced, erect. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 3–6 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
|
Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe carsonensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Openings in sage brush/bitterbrush scrub in sand of decomposed granite. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 1400–1800 m. (4600–5900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
CA; NV |
Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe carsonensis is restricted to the Carson Valley, Eagle Valley, and Washoe Valley region of Nevada and adjacent California, with one known disjunct occurrence about 58 km to the north in Nevada. The species was previously included in the broader concept of E. montioides but can be distinguished by its much branched and compact habit, linear to spatulate leaves with clasping bases, calyx with glabrous margins, and larger corolla with one large red spot in the center. Erythranthe carsonensis has been impacted by agriculture, urbanization, and other anthropogenic changes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 384. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus rubellus var. latiflorus |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | N. S. Fraga: Aliso 30: 59, figs. 17–21. (2012) |
Web links |