Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe calcicola |
|
---|---|---|
crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
limestone monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, taprooted. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 2–10(–15) cm, sparsely glandular-pubescent, internodes elongate, distinct. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 0–1 mm; blade palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), lanceolate to ovate, 3–25 × 2–8(–10) mm, base attenuate, margins entire, sometimes toothed, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces sparsely glandular-pubescent. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, sometimes plesiogamous, 1–16, from distal or medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
yellow or white and throat yellow, throat and limb red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric, 6–13 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 3–7(–9) mm, lobes notched, abaxial limb sparsely bearded or glabrous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
(3–)5–20 mm. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
campanulate to widely cylindric, 5–7 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, sparsely glandular-pubescent, ribs strongly angled, lobes pronounced, erect. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, 4–6 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
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Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe calcicola |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Creosote bush and Joshua tree woodlands, usually on carbonate substrate, primarily on talus slopes. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 900–2200 m. (3000–7200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
|
CA; NV |
Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe calcicola was previously included in the broader concept of E. montioides; the former can be distinguished by its glandular herbage, broader lanceolate to ovate leaves, strongly angled calyces, and smaller flowers. The species is restricted to the northern Mojave Desert and southwestern Great Basin and occurs primarily on talus slopes on substrates derived from carbonate rock. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 383. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | N. S. Fraga & D. A. York: Aliso 30: 54, figs. 12–16. (2012) |
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