Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe acutidens |
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crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
Kings River monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Annuals, fibrous-rooted. |
Stems | erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
erect to ascending-erect, simple or diffusely branched, 4-angled, 7–20 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
basal and cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5 veined, ovate to broadly ovate, 10–20 × 7–11 mm, base rounded to truncate, margins serrate-denticulate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–20, from proximal to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
pale pink to rose purple, throat yellow or deep pink externally with 2 yellow spots below abaxial limb, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, 9–12 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 9–12 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | 45–90(–150) mm. |
divergent-arcuate, sometimes becoming deflexed, 10–23 mm, longer than subtending leaves, glabrous. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
campanulate, 7–9 mm, margins subtruncate, glabrous, lobes reduced, subequal. |
Capsules | included, 15–22 mm. |
included, (4–)5–10 mm. |
Anthers | exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
included, minutely villous-hirsute. |
2n | = 16. |
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Erythranthe verbenacea |
Erythranthe acutidens |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Jul. |
Habitat | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. | Grassy slopes, sandy terraces, marshy places, lakeshores, creek sides, seep edges, shaded canyon slopes, roadcuts and roadsides, woodlands of Pseudotsuga menziesii-Quercus chrysolepis, oak-gray pine, or interior live oak. |
Elevation | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) | 200–2000 m. (700–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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CA
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Discussion | R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Mimulus acutidens Greene is heterotypic with the South American M. acutidens Reiche, which is a later homonym. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. | FNA vol. 17, p. 383. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens | Mimulus acutidens, M. inconspicuus var. acutidens |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 34. (2012) |
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