Erythranthe tilingii |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
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larger mountain monkeyflower, mountain monkey-flower, Tiling's monkey-flower |
crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous, solitary to weakly colonial, rhizomes forming a mass, yellowish, branching, filiform. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect-ascending, usually freely branched, 2–35 cm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous. |
erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0–25 mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, ovate to lanceolate-triangular or narrowly lanceolate (broadly ovate in large-leaved forms), 5–35(–55) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins irregularly denticulate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous, glabrate, or sparsely to moderately villous, hairs thick-vitreous, eglandular. |
cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–3(–5), from distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | hirtellous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform, 15–28 mm, exserted 5–10 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 14–30 mm. |
crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 15–35(–40) mm, sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous. |
45–90(–150) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | usually purple-tinged and purple-dotted, broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 11–15 mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous, villous at sinuses, throat closing, lobes broadly ovate, abaxial usually longer than lateral, adaxial at least 2 times as long as others. |
campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
Capsules | included, 5–7 mm. |
included, 15–22 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
2n | = 28, 56. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe tilingii |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Seeps, springs, stream banks, shallow rivulets, cliff bases, ledges and crevices, steep gravelly slopes, wet meadows. | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. |
Elevation | 1400–3400 m. (4600–11200 ft.) | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; AB
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AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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Discussion | Plants of Erythranthe tilingii are characterized by their relatively low stature and stems arising from a system of thin rhizomes and producing mostly one to three large flowers each; they usually occur at relatively high elevations. Erythranthe tilingii sometimes has been considered to include one or several infraspecific entities; from within this taxonomic amalgam, four distinct species are recognized here: E. caespitosa, E. corallina, E. minor, and E. tilingii. Erythranthe corallina and E. minor probably are more closely related to E. guttata. The populations identified here as E. tilingii from northeastern Oregon northeast to Alberta and southeast to Utah may prove to be a separate (undescribed) species. Erythranthe tilingii in the strict sense is relatively widespread over the western United States and is sympatric with E. caespitosa and E. corallina. Leaves in E. tilingii are variable in size, and particularly in Idaho, they may approach the small size of those of E. caespitosa, but the leaf margins of E. tilingii are distinctly toothed, and the stems are taller and more erect. Across the range of the species, plants sometimes produce very large leaves, but these often occur on plants with characteristically smaller leaves. This wide variability in size apparently does not occur in E. caespitosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 408. | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus tilingii, M. caespitosus var. implexus, M. implexus, M. implicatus, M. langsdorffii var. tilingii, M. lucens, M. veronicifolius | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens |
Name authority | (Regel) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) |
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