Erythranthe tilingii |
Erythranthe pardalis |
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larger mountain monkeyflower, mountain monkey-flower, Tiling's monkey-flower |
Pennell's panther |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous, solitary to weakly colonial, rhizomes forming a mass, yellowish, branching, filiform. | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or taprooted. |
Stems | erect-ascending, usually freely branched, 2–35 cm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous. |
decumbent-ascending, erect distally, simple, sometimes branched from proximal to medial nodes, 5–30 cm, short, delicately stipitate-glandular, distals minutely puberulent-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.4 mm (to 1 mm on proximal portions of stems), gland-tipped. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0–25 mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, ovate to lanceolate-triangular or narrowly lanceolate (broadly ovate in large-leaved forms), 5–35(–55) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins irregularly denticulate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous, glabrate, or sparsely to moderately villous, hairs thick-vitreous, eglandular. |
usually cauline, basal usually not persistent; petiole: proximals and medials 8–20 mm, distalmost 1–2 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, usually ovate or broadly ovate to depressed-ovate, proximals and medials 7–22 × 6–18 mm, sometimes largest at mid stem, base rounded or cuneate to gradually attenuate, margins shallowly dentate-serrate, teeth 2 or 3(–5) per side mostly distally, apex obtuse to obtuse-acuminate, surfaces sparsely villous to puberulent-glandular, hairs vitreous, gland-tipped, sometimes glabrous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–3(–5), from distal nodes. |
plesiogamous, 2–12, usually evenly distributed from proximal to distal nodes, chasmogamous, anther pairs in larger corollas slightly separated, stigma at level of distal pair, or both anther pairs and stigma at same level; in smaller corollas without expanded limb and barely exserted beyond calyx margin, both anther pairs and stigma at same level. |
Styles | hirtellous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform, 15–28 mm, exserted 5–10 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 14–30 mm. |
yellow, throat floor sometimes red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat narrowly funnelform to cylindric, 7–10(–12) mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 8–12 mm, palate villous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 15–35(–40) mm, sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous. |
10–35 mm, short, delicately stipitate-glandular, distals minutely puberulent-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.4 mm, gland-tipped. |
Fruiting calyces | usually purple-tinged and purple-dotted, broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 11–15 mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous, villous at sinuses, throat closing, lobes broadly ovate, abaxial usually longer than lateral, adaxial at least 2 times as long as others. |
nodding 45–180º, consistently dark purple-spotted, cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 8–11 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent-glandular, sometimes minutely hirtellous, throat closing. |
Capsules | included, 5–7 mm. |
included, stipitate, 4–6 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 28, 56. |
= 28. |
Erythranthe tilingii |
Erythranthe pardalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–May. |
Habitat | Seeps, springs, stream banks, shallow rivulets, cliff bases, ledges and crevices, steep gravelly slopes, wet meadows. | Crevices of serpentine rock, stony red soils, red clay, among boulders, along streams, ditches, tailings at copper mines. |
Elevation | 1400–3400 m. (4600–11200 ft.) | 100–700 m. (300–2300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; AB
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CA |
Discussion | Plants of Erythranthe tilingii are characterized by their relatively low stature and stems arising from a system of thin rhizomes and producing mostly one to three large flowers each; they usually occur at relatively high elevations. Erythranthe tilingii sometimes has been considered to include one or several infraspecific entities; from within this taxonomic amalgam, four distinct species are recognized here: E. caespitosa, E. corallina, E. minor, and E. tilingii. Erythranthe corallina and E. minor probably are more closely related to E. guttata. The populations identified here as E. tilingii from northeastern Oregon northeast to Alberta and southeast to Utah may prove to be a separate (undescribed) species. Erythranthe tilingii in the strict sense is relatively widespread over the western United States and is sympatric with E. caespitosa and E. corallina. Leaves in E. tilingii are variable in size, and particularly in Idaho, they may approach the small size of those of E. caespitosa, but the leaf margins of E. tilingii are distinctly toothed, and the stems are taller and more erect. Across the range of the species, plants sometimes produce very large leaves, but these often occur on plants with characteristically smaller leaves. This wide variability in size apparently does not occur in E. caespitosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The relative constancy of Erythranthe pardalis in morphology suggests that genetic influence from other species is slight. It is recognized by its annual duration and relatively delicate habit, ovate to depressed-ovate leaves toothed mostly on the distal margins, small flowers produced from all nodes (proximal to distal), dark-spotted calyces, and stipitate-glandular cauline and foliar vestiture. While the corolla limbs are distinctly expanded, the tubes are only slightly exserted from the calyx, and flowers apparently are plesiogamous. The epithet pardalis alludes to the dark-spotted calyx. Plants of Erythranthe pardalis occur primarily on serpentine rocks and soils but also grow on copper tailings at mine sites. The species is known from Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Placer, Tehama, and Tuolumne counties. The plants in Tehama County, geographically and ecologically disjunct from the main range, were recorded as growing in basalt crevices. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 408. | FNA vol. 17, p. 420. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus tilingii, M. caespitosus var. implexus, M. implexus, M. implicatus, M. langsdorffii var. tilingii, M. lucens, M. veronicifolius | Mimulus pardalis, M. cupriphilus, M. guttatus var. cupriphilus, M. guttatus var. pardalis |
Name authority | (Regel) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) | (Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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