Erythranthe tilingii |
Erythranthe michiganensis |
|
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larger mountain monkeyflower, mountain monkey-flower, Tiling's monkey-flower |
Michigan monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous, solitary to weakly colonial, rhizomes forming a mass, yellowish, branching, filiform. | Perennials, rhizomatous, usually producing numerous leafy stolons from basal nodes, rooting at distal nodes, sometimes forming mats. |
Stems | erect-ascending, usually freely branched, 2–35 cm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous. |
ascending-erect or basally decumbent, becoming erect in inflorescence, branched, 12–50(–70) cm, glabrous or minutely hirtellous and stipitate-glandular. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0–25 mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, ovate to lanceolate-triangular or narrowly lanceolate (broadly ovate in large-leaved forms), 5–35(–55) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins irregularly denticulate, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces glabrous, sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous, glabrate, or sparsely to moderately villous, hairs thick-vitreous, eglandular. |
cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 1–5(–15) mm, mid stem and distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, broadly ovate to broadly ovate-elliptic or suborbicular, 8–30 mm, relatively even-sized or diminishing in size distally, bracteal reduced, slightly falcate, base truncate to cuneate, margins evenly or unevenly dentate-serrate to dentate, teeth 3–8 per side, apex usually rounded, surfaces glabrous or minutely hirtellous and stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–3(–5), from distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–14, mostly from distal nodes or medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | hirtellous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform, 15–28 mm, exserted 5–10 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 14–30 mm. |
yellow, sometimes faintly red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric-campanulate, 10–14 mm, exserted 5–8 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 10–15 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | 15–35(–40) mm, sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous. |
10–25 mm, villous-glandular to minutely villosulous-glandular. |
Fruiting calyces | usually purple-tinged and purple-dotted, broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 11–15 mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to short glandular-villous, villous at sinuses, throat closing, lobes broadly ovate, abaxial usually longer than lateral, adaxial at least 2 times as long as others. |
cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–10 mm, puberulous to softly hirtellous, mixed with longer, stipitate-glandular hairs, throat not closing, adaxial lobe 2 times longer than others, slightly upcurving. |
Capsules | included, 5–7 mm. |
unknown. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 28, 56. |
= (28)30. |
Erythranthe tilingii |
Erythranthe michiganensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Oct). |
Habitat | Seeps, springs, stream banks, shallow rivulets, cliff bases, ledges and crevices, steep gravelly slopes, wet meadows. | Cold calcareous springs, seeps, depressions, streams, alkaline shorelines at mouths of small drainages, steep moraine slopes, bluff bases, commonly in northern white cedar swamps. |
Elevation | 1400–3400 m. (4600–11200 ft.) | 500–600 m. (1600–2000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; AB
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MI |
Discussion | Plants of Erythranthe tilingii are characterized by their relatively low stature and stems arising from a system of thin rhizomes and producing mostly one to three large flowers each; they usually occur at relatively high elevations. Erythranthe tilingii sometimes has been considered to include one or several infraspecific entities; from within this taxonomic amalgam, four distinct species are recognized here: E. caespitosa, E. corallina, E. minor, and E. tilingii. Erythranthe corallina and E. minor probably are more closely related to E. guttata. The populations identified here as E. tilingii from northeastern Oregon northeast to Alberta and southeast to Utah may prove to be a separate (undescribed) species. Erythranthe tilingii in the strict sense is relatively widespread over the western United States and is sympatric with E. caespitosa and E. corallina. Leaves in E. tilingii are variable in size, and particularly in Idaho, they may approach the small size of those of E. caespitosa, but the leaf margins of E. tilingii are distinctly toothed, and the stems are taller and more erect. Across the range of the species, plants sometimes produce very large leaves, but these often occur on plants with characteristically smaller leaves. This wide variability in size apparently does not occur in E. caespitosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Based on data from allozyme and RAPD studies, morphology, and crossing studies, A. L. Posto and L. A. Prather (2003) raised Erythranthe [Mimulus] michiganensis to specific rank. The species is endemic to a small area in the Mackinac Straits and Grand Traverse regions of Michigan; it is known to be extant at 15 sites and apparently is extinct at three previously known sites. Plants of all but one of the populations are essentially pollen-sterile and reproduce through rhizomes. However, the didynamous stamens and stigma positioned above the adaxial anther pair, along with the relatively large corollas with broadly expanded limb, are reflective of an allogamous breeding system, which seems unusual in view of its apparent sterility. The narrow geographic distribution of E. michiganensis lies within the wider range of E. geyeri, and the two are known to co-occur at two sites, apparently without hybridization or morphologically intermediate individuals. Erythranthe michiganensis (as Mimulus michiganensis) is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 408. | FNA vol. 17, p. 407. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus tilingii, M. caespitosus var. implexus, M. implexus, M. implicatus, M. langsdorffii var. tilingii, M. lucens, M. veronicifolius | Mimulus glabratus subsp. michiganensis, M. glabratus var. michiganensis, M. michiganensis |
Name authority | (Regel) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) | (Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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