Erythranthe pulsiferae |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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candelabrum monkey-flower, Pulsifer's monkey-flower |
cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower |
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Habit | Annuals, shallowly fibrous-rooted. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect, straight at nodes, simple or few-branched at base, 5–12(–18) cm, minutely stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiole 2–9 mm, distinctly 3-veined, 2-winged; blade palmately 3-veined, elliptic-oblong to ovate or oblanceolate, 3–14(–23) × 2–9(–15) mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins denticulate to entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces minutely stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–9, from medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellowish, tube-throat, palate ridges, and limb yellow to pale yellow, abaxial limb red-dotted or not, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 6–9 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes broadly obovate-suborbicular, apex rounded. |
scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; throat open. |
Fruiting pedicels | divergent-arcuate, 12–38 mm, minutely stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped. |
30–90(–120) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | cylindric, ± inflated, 7–10 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, minutely stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped, lobes pronounced, erect. |
cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute. |
Capsules | included, 5–8 mm. |
included, 10–16 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 32. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe pulsiferae |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Damp depressions, moist gravel, rocky flats, granite outcrops, wet meadows, lava beds, vernal pools, forest openings, commonly in or near coniferous forests, chaparral-live oak woodlands. | Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges. |
Elevation | 50–1300(–2500) m. (200–4300(–8200) ft.) | (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA
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CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Erythranthe pulsiferae is characterized by minutely stipitate-glandular vestiture (lacking villous hairs), elongate internodes, persistent basal leaves, small, palmately veined, cauline leaves with short, three-veined petioles and elliptic-oblong to ovate or oblanceolate blades, divergent-arcuate pedicels, and small, all yellow, weakly bilabiate corollas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California. Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 398. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus pulsiferae | Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens |
Name authority | (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 39. (2012) | (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840) |
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