Erythranthe primuloides |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
|
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primrose monkey-flower |
crimson monkeyflower, pico Pajaro |
|
Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous or stoloniferous, mat-forming, rhizomes or stolons flagelliform. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect to ascending, usually simple, 2–10(–20) cm, villous, internodes shortened. |
erect to decumbent, usually simple, weakly 4-angled, 20–60 cm, ± glandular-villous. |
Leaves | all basal or near basal, often rosulate; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, oblanceolate to elliptic-obovate, 7–40 × 4–12 mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire, distally denticulate to dentate, or sharply serrate-dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial glabrous or glabrate to sparsely to densely long-villous, eglandular. |
cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic to obovate, rhombic-ovate, or broadly spatulate, 50–75 × 15–26(–30) mm, base subcordate, subclasping, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes only distally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces ± glandular-villous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow to orange-yellow, usually brown-spotted abaxially, base of each abaxial lobe usually with a larger reddish brown spot, bilaterally or nearly radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or nearly regular, densely hirsute on abaxial side of opening; tube-throat narrowly campanulate, 15–20 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes broadly obovate-oblong, apex rounded- or truncate-notched, throat open, palate densely villous, abaxial ridges prominent. |
crimson, often yellow-tinged, palate ridges dark red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 25–35 mm, exserted 13–25 mm beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb spreading, adaxial erect, lobe apex truncate, often emarginate, throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 30–110(–130) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular near base. |
45–90(–150) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | tubular-campanulate, weakly or not inflated, 6–8 mm, glabrous. |
campanulate, weakly inflated, 20–28 mm, sparsely glandular-villosulous to stipitate-glandular, lobes triangular to ovate-triangular, apex linear-triangular. |
Capsules | included, 6–7 mm. |
included, 15–22 mm. |
Anthers | slightly exserted, margins ciliate, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae reflexed 45º. |
2n | = 34. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe primuloides |
Erythranthe verbenacea |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, seeps, streamsides. | Stream edges and beds, flood plains, around seeps and springs, canyon bottoms, moist cliff crevices and ledges. |
Elevation | 600–3400 m. (2000–11200 ft.) | 300–2600 m. (1000–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA
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AZ; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora)
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Discussion | Flowers in Erythranthe primuloides and E. linearifolia characteristically appear to be scapose, but the scapes are pedicels arising from axils of greatly foreshortened stems. Occasionally in both species the internodes may lengthen somewhat, and the leaves are not so densely clustered at the base of the stems. In northern Klamath, western Deschutes, and eastern Douglas counties, Oregon, an area within the range of typical populations, Erythranthe primuloides has distinctively large corollas (limbs 10–15 mm wide). Apparent clones of large-flowered and smaller-flowered plants sometimes grow in close proximity or even intermixed, appearing as two different entities. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
R. K. Vickery (1992) noted that yellow-flowered morphs of Erythranthe verbenacea occur in a population at Vasey’s Paradise in the Grand Canyon (Coconino County), 32 miles downstream from Lees Ferry. Populations of Erythranthe verbenacea in the Oak Creek Canyon area in southern Coconino County, Arizona, have leaves with a narrow, lateral, undulating, purple stripe across the mid lamina. The coloration is retained even in dried specimens. In Utah, Erythranthe verbenacea is known only from the Zion Canyon area. Molecular (P. M. Beardsley et al. 2003) and morphological (G. L. Nesom 2014b) data indicate that Erythranthe verbenacea is sister to E. eastwoodiae. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 389. | FNA vol. 17, p. 394. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus primuloides, M. nevadensis, M. pilosellus, M. primuloides var. minimus, M. primuloides var. pilosellus | Mimulus verbenaceus, M. cardinalis var. verbenaceus, M. lugens |
Name authority | (Bentham) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) |
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