Erythranthe primuloides |
Erythranthe regni |
|
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primrose monkey-flower |
King of Arizona monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous or stoloniferous, mat-forming, rhizomes or stolons flagelliform. | Annuals, fibrous-rooted, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes. |
Stems | erect to ascending, usually simple, 2–10(–20) cm, villous, internodes shortened. |
erect to ascending-erect, branched, sometimes becoming slightly fistulose, 15–45 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | all basal or near basal, often rosulate; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, oblanceolate to elliptic-obovate, 7–40 × 4–12 mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire, distally denticulate to dentate, or sharply serrate-dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial glabrous or glabrate to sparsely to densely long-villous, eglandular. |
basal and cauline; petiole: proximals 5–25(–30) mm, mid cauline and distals not connate, 0 mm; blade palmately 5–7-veined, proximal sometimes subpinnate, proximals ovate to depressed-orbicular, 15–20(–50) × 15–25(–50) mm, medials and distals broadly depressed-ovate to obtriangular or flabellate, 15–35 mm, largest basal or at mid stem with distal slightly reduced, base attenuate-cuneate, margins shallowly serrate-dentate, sometimes irregularly, to mucronulate or apiculate, teeth (3–)5–7 per side, rarely subentire, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1. |
plesiogamous, 6–16, from all nodes or medial to distal, cleistogamous. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow to orange-yellow, usually brown-spotted abaxially, base of each abaxial lobe usually with a larger reddish brown spot, bilaterally or nearly radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or nearly regular, densely hirsute on abaxial side of opening; tube-throat narrowly campanulate, 15–20 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes broadly obovate-oblong, apex rounded- or truncate-notched, throat open, palate densely villous, abaxial ridges prominent. |
yellow, not red-dotted, bilaterally or radially symmetric, bilabiate or regular; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, 9–12 mm, exserted 3–5 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 1–1.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | 30–110(–130) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular near base. |
15–30 mm, longer than subtending leaves, glabrous. |
Fruiting calyces | tubular-campanulate, weakly or not inflated, 6–8 mm, glabrous. |
sparsely purple-dotted, broadly campanulate-cylindric, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–9 mm, glabrous, throat not closing, adaxial lobe longest. |
Capsules | included, 6–7 mm. |
included, 4–5 mm. |
Anthers | slightly exserted, margins ciliate, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 34. |
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Erythranthe primuloides |
Erythranthe regni |
|
Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Mar–May. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, seeps, streamsides. | Moist to wet, sandy loam soils. |
Elevation | 600–3400 m. (2000–11200 ft.) | 800–1000 m. (2600–3300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA
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AZ |
Discussion | Flowers in Erythranthe primuloides and E. linearifolia characteristically appear to be scapose, but the scapes are pedicels arising from axils of greatly foreshortened stems. Occasionally in both species the internodes may lengthen somewhat, and the leaves are not so densely clustered at the base of the stems. In northern Klamath, western Deschutes, and eastern Douglas counties, Oregon, an area within the range of typical populations, Erythranthe primuloides has distinctively large corollas (limbs 10–15 mm wide). Apparent clones of large-flowered and smaller-flowered plants sometimes grow in close proximity or even intermixed, appearing as two different entities. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe regni is endemic to the Kofa Mountains of Yuma County; all collections have been made from the Kofa Game Refuge (Kofa National Wildlife Refuge). Because its calyces remain open at maturity, this species is hypothesized to be most closely related to E. geyeri, from which it differs by its erect habit, apparently annual duration, larger leaves, purple-dotted calyces, and corollas with longer tube-throat and barely bilabiate limb. Geography and other morphology, however, suggest that its evolutionary origins are closer to E. guttata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 389. | FNA vol. 17, p. 406. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus primuloides, M. nevadensis, M. pilosellus, M. primuloides var. minimus, M. primuloides var. pilosellus | |
Name authority | (Bentham) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012) | G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-40: 24. (2012) |
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