Erythranthe primuloides |
Erythranthe michiganensis |
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primrose monkey-flower |
Michigan monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous or stoloniferous, mat-forming, rhizomes or stolons flagelliform. | Perennials, rhizomatous, usually producing numerous leafy stolons from basal nodes, rooting at distal nodes, sometimes forming mats. |
Stems | erect to ascending, usually simple, 2–10(–20) cm, villous, internodes shortened. |
ascending-erect or basally decumbent, becoming erect in inflorescence, branched, 12–50(–70) cm, glabrous or minutely hirtellous and stipitate-glandular. |
Leaves | all basal or near basal, often rosulate; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, oblanceolate to elliptic-obovate, 7–40 × 4–12 mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire, distally denticulate to dentate, or sharply serrate-dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial glabrous or glabrate to sparsely to densely long-villous, eglandular. |
cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 1–5(–15) mm, mid stem and distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, broadly ovate to broadly ovate-elliptic or suborbicular, 8–30 mm, relatively even-sized or diminishing in size distally, bracteal reduced, slightly falcate, base truncate to cuneate, margins evenly or unevenly dentate-serrate to dentate, teeth 3–8 per side, apex usually rounded, surfaces glabrous or minutely hirtellous and stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1. |
herkogamous, 2–14, mostly from distal nodes or medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow to orange-yellow, usually brown-spotted abaxially, base of each abaxial lobe usually with a larger reddish brown spot, bilaterally or nearly radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or nearly regular, densely hirsute on abaxial side of opening; tube-throat narrowly campanulate, 15–20 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes broadly obovate-oblong, apex rounded- or truncate-notched, throat open, palate densely villous, abaxial ridges prominent. |
yellow, sometimes faintly red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric-campanulate, 10–14 mm, exserted 5–8 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 10–15 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | 30–110(–130) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular near base. |
10–25 mm, villous-glandular to minutely villosulous-glandular. |
Fruiting calyces | tubular-campanulate, weakly or not inflated, 6–8 mm, glabrous. |
cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–10 mm, puberulous to softly hirtellous, mixed with longer, stipitate-glandular hairs, throat not closing, adaxial lobe 2 times longer than others, slightly upcurving. |
Capsules | included, 6–7 mm. |
unknown. |
Anthers | slightly exserted, margins ciliate, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 34. |
= (28)30. |
Erythranthe primuloides |
Erythranthe michiganensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Oct). |
Habitat | Wet meadows, seeps, streamsides. | Cold calcareous springs, seeps, depressions, streams, alkaline shorelines at mouths of small drainages, steep moraine slopes, bluff bases, commonly in northern white cedar swamps. |
Elevation | 600–3400 m. (2000–11200 ft.) | 500–600 m. (1600–2000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA
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MI |
Discussion | Flowers in Erythranthe primuloides and E. linearifolia characteristically appear to be scapose, but the scapes are pedicels arising from axils of greatly foreshortened stems. Occasionally in both species the internodes may lengthen somewhat, and the leaves are not so densely clustered at the base of the stems. In northern Klamath, western Deschutes, and eastern Douglas counties, Oregon, an area within the range of typical populations, Erythranthe primuloides has distinctively large corollas (limbs 10–15 mm wide). Apparent clones of large-flowered and smaller-flowered plants sometimes grow in close proximity or even intermixed, appearing as two different entities. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Based on data from allozyme and RAPD studies, morphology, and crossing studies, A. L. Posto and L. A. Prather (2003) raised Erythranthe [Mimulus] michiganensis to specific rank. The species is endemic to a small area in the Mackinac Straits and Grand Traverse regions of Michigan; it is known to be extant at 15 sites and apparently is extinct at three previously known sites. Plants of all but one of the populations are essentially pollen-sterile and reproduce through rhizomes. However, the didynamous stamens and stigma positioned above the adaxial anther pair, along with the relatively large corollas with broadly expanded limb, are reflective of an allogamous breeding system, which seems unusual in view of its apparent sterility. The narrow geographic distribution of E. michiganensis lies within the wider range of E. geyeri, and the two are known to co-occur at two sites, apparently without hybridization or morphologically intermediate individuals. Erythranthe michiganensis (as Mimulus michiganensis) is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 389. | FNA vol. 17, p. 407. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus primuloides, M. nevadensis, M. pilosellus, M. primuloides var. minimus, M. primuloides var. pilosellus | Mimulus glabratus subsp. michiganensis, M. glabratus var. michiganensis, M. michiganensis |
Name authority | (Bentham) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012) | (Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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