Erythranthe primuloides |
Erythranthe caespitosa |
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primrose monkey-flower |
large mountain monkey-flower, mountain monkeyflower, Olympic monkeyflower, subalpine monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous or stoloniferous, mat-forming, rhizomes or stolons flagelliform. | Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at proximal nodes, sometimes producing creeping, small-leaved runners, forming matted colonies, rhizomes filiform. |
Stems | erect to ascending, usually simple, 2–10(–20) cm, villous, internodes shortened. |
procumbent or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, delicate, usually in masses, terete or flattish, branched, 3–10 cm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular. |
Leaves | all basal or near basal, often rosulate; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, oblanceolate to elliptic-obovate, 7–40 × 4–12 mm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire, distally denticulate to dentate, or sharply serrate-dentate, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial glabrous or glabrate to sparsely to densely long-villous, eglandular. |
basal and cauline; petiole: proximals 2–5 mm, distals 0 mm; blade often purple beneath, palmately 3-veined, orbicular to narrowly elliptic or ovate, proximals usually sublyrate, 3–12 mm, becoming larger distally, base cuneate to a short petiole, margins entire, mucronulate, or barely denticulate, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent, hairs minute, stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1. |
herkogamous, 1–3, from distal nodes, commonly solitary. |
Styles | glabrous. |
minutely hirtellous. |
Corollas | yellow to orange-yellow, usually brown-spotted abaxially, base of each abaxial lobe usually with a larger reddish brown spot, bilaterally or nearly radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or nearly regular, densely hirsute on abaxial side of opening; tube-throat narrowly campanulate, 15–20 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes broadly obovate-oblong, apex rounded- or truncate-notched, throat open, palate densely villous, abaxial ridges prominent. |
yellow, dark red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform to cylindric-funnelform, 15–18 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb with deflexed-spreading lobes, adaxial with ascending lobes, palate partially closed. |
Fruiting pedicels | 30–110(–130) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular near base. |
10–30(–40) mm, sparsely to moderately villous, hairs short, gland-tipped, sometimes hirtellous. |
Fruiting calyces | tubular-campanulate, weakly or not inflated, 6–8 mm, glabrous. |
broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–15 mm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular, throat closing, proximalmost lobe pair upcurving, distalmost 3–5 mm, prominently protruding. |
Capsules | included, 6–7 mm. |
included, 4–5 mm. |
Anthers | slightly exserted, margins ciliate, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 34. |
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Erythranthe primuloides |
Erythranthe caespitosa |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Aug. | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Wet meadows, seeps, streamsides. | Alpine meadows and slopes, stream banks, wet rocks in streams, wet crevices, talus. |
Elevation | 600–3400 m. (2000–11200 ft.) | 1100–2000(–2300) m. (3600–6600(–7500) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA
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WA; BC
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Discussion | Flowers in Erythranthe primuloides and E. linearifolia characteristically appear to be scapose, but the scapes are pedicels arising from axils of greatly foreshortened stems. Occasionally in both species the internodes may lengthen somewhat, and the leaves are not so densely clustered at the base of the stems. In northern Klamath, western Deschutes, and eastern Douglas counties, Oregon, an area within the range of typical populations, Erythranthe primuloides has distinctively large corollas (limbs 10–15 mm wide). Apparent clones of large-flowered and smaller-flowered plants sometimes grow in close proximity or even intermixed, appearing as two different entities. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe caespitosa is endemic to northwestern and central Washington (Cascade and Olympic mountains) and adjacent British Columbia (Cascades, Selkirk Mountains and Chilliwack Valley, Coast Mountains). The plants have consistently small leaves with subentire margins, and the stems are consistently procumbent to decumbent-ascending, usually forming matted colonies. Erythranthe caespitosa and E. tilingii appear to be sympatric in counties of northwestern Washington, but this needs to be verified in the field. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 389. | FNA vol. 17, p. 409. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus primuloides, M. nevadensis, M. pilosellus, M. primuloides var. minimus, M. primuloides var. pilosellus | Mimulus scouleri var. caespitosus, M. caespitosus, M. tilingii var. caespitosus |
Name authority | (Bentham) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) |
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