Erythranthe patula |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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stalk-leaf monkey-flower |
cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower |
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Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect to ascending, straight or geniculate at nodes, usually simple, (3–)5–15(–24) cm, stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.2–0.5 mm, gland-tipped. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate. |
Leaves | cauline, basal not persistent; petiole (5–)8–25 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, deltate or ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4–12(–17) × 3–10(–14) mm, base rounded to cuneate-truncate, margins usually denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.2–0.5 mm, gland-tipped. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–10, from proximal to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, abaxial limb usually with a few red or brownish dots, radially or bilaterally symmetric, regular or weakly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 7–8 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes oblong, apex rounded to truncate. |
scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; throat open. |
Fruiting pedicels | 10–25(–38) mm, stipitate-glandular, hairs 0.2–0.5 mm, gland-tipped. |
30–90(–120) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | tubular, weakly or not inflated, 5–6(–7) mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, sparsely stipitate-glandular to sparsely hirtellous, lobes pronounced, erect. |
cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute. |
Capsules | included, 4–6 mm. |
included, 10–16 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 32. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe patula |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–May(–Aug). | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Ephemeral seeps, springs, rocky stream banks, moist basalt, fine gravel on bedrock, muddy hillside seeps, crevices. | Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges. |
Elevation | 200–1900(–2900) m. (700–6200(–9500) ft.) | (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.) |
Distribution |
ID; MT; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC
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CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Erythranthe patula is distinctive with its long-petiolate leaves with ovate blades and its small, weakly bilabiate to nearly radially symmetric corollas. Vestiture may include only minute, stipitate-glandular hairs or it may be an intergrading mix of stipitate-glandular hairs and minute (0.1–0.2 mm), sharp-pointed, eglandular hairs. Plants may have stipitate-glandular pedicels and calyces but hirtellous, eglandular stems, or they may have stipitate-glandular stems and pedicels but hirtellous calyces. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California. Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 397. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus patulus | Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens |
Name authority | (Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 39. (2012) | (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840) |
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