FNA: Erythranthe palmeri vs. Erythranthe pardalis

	Erythranthe palmeri	Erythranthe pardalis
	Palmer's monkeyflower	Pennell's panther
Habit	Annuals, taprooted.	Annuals, fibrous-rooted or taprooted.
Stems	erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 4–17 cm, minutely puberulent.	decumbent-ascending, erect distally, simple, sometimes branched from proximal to medial nodes, 5–30 cm, short, delicately stipitate-glandular, distals minutely puberulent-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.4 mm (to 1 mm on proximal portions of stems), gland-tipped.
Leaves	cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 0 mm; blade pinnately veined, palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), linear to oblanceolate, (3–)4–17 × 1–4 mm, base attenuate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces minutely puberulent.	usually cauline, basal usually not persistent; petiole: proximals and medials 8–20 mm, distalmost 1–2 mm; blade palmately 3-veined, usually ovate or broadly ovate to depressed-ovate, proximals and medials 7–22 × 6–18 mm, sometimes largest at mid stem, base rounded or cuneate to gradually attenuate, margins shallowly dentate-serrate, teeth 2 or 3(–5) per side mostly distally, apex obtuse to obtuse-acuminate, surfaces sparsely villous to puberulent-glandular, hairs vitreous, gland-tipped, sometimes glabrous.
Flowers	herkogamous, 1–36, from distal or medial to distal nodes.	plesiogamous, 2–12, usually evenly distributed from proximal to distal nodes, chasmogamous, anther pairs in larger corollas slightly separated, stigma at level of distal pair, or both anther pairs and stigma at same level; in smaller corollas without expanded limb and barely exserted beyond calyx margin, both anther pairs and stigma at same level.
Styles	glabrous.	glabrous.
Corollas	pink to purple, abaxial limb with 2 yellow ridges, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 6–15 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 8–15 mm, lobes deeply notched, abaxial limb sparsely bearded.	yellow, throat floor sometimes red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat narrowly funnelform to cylindric, 7–10(–12) mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 8–12 mm, palate villous.
Fruiting pedicels	spreading horizontally, 5–33 mm.	10–35 mm, short, delicately stipitate-glandular, distals minutely puberulent-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.4 mm, gland-tipped.
Fruiting calyces	sometimes red-spotted on ribs, becoming straw colored, cylindric, 4–8 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, glabrous, ribs weak, lobes pronounced, erect, margins ciliate.	nodding 45–180º, consistently dark purple-spotted, cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 8–11 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent-glandular, sometimes minutely hirtellous, throat closing.
Capsules	included, 4–8 mm.	included, stipitate, 4–6 mm.
Anthers	included, glabrous.	included, glabrous.
2n		= 28.

	Erythranthe palmeri	Erythranthe pardalis
Phenology	Flowering Apr–Jun.	Flowering (Mar–)Apr–May.
Habitat	Moist areas in openings in pine forest and desert chaparral transitions.	Crevices of serpentine rock, stony red soils, red clay, among boulders, along streams, ditches, tailings at copper mines.
Elevation	900–2200 m. (3000–7200 ft.)	100–700 m. (300–2300 ft.)
Distribution	CA [WildflowerSearch map]	CA
Discussion	Erythranthe palmeri has been confused with other closely related species, including E. diffusa, E. discolor (pink form), E. rhodopetra, and E. sierrae. It was previously thought to be a widely distributed species because of this taxonomic confusion but now is regarded as endemic to the Transverse Range in the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	The relative constancy of Erythranthe pardalis in morphology suggests that genetic influence from other species is slight. It is recognized by its annual duration and relatively delicate habit, ovate to depressed-ovate leaves toothed mostly on the distal margins, small flowers produced from all nodes (proximal to distal), dark-spotted calyces, and stipitate-glandular cauline and foliar vestiture. While the corolla limbs are distinctly expanded, the tubes are only slightly exserted from the calyx, and flowers apparently are plesiogamous. The epithet pardalis alludes to the dark-spotted calyx. Plants of Erythranthe pardalis occur primarily on serpentine rocks and soils but also grow on copper tailings at mine sites. The species is known from Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Placer, Tehama, and Tuolumne counties. The plants in Tehama County, geographically and ecologically disjunct from the main range, were recorded as growing in basalt crevices. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 387.	FNA vol. 17, p. 420.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms	Mimulus palmeri	Mimulus pardalis, M. cupriphilus, M. guttatus var. cupriphilus, M. guttatus var. pardalis
Name authority	(A. Gray) N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012)	(Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012)
Web links	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Erythranthe pardalis

Palmer's monkeyflower

Pennell's panther

Habit

Annuals, taprooted.

Annuals, fibrous-rooted or taprooted.

Stems

erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 4–17 cm, minutely puberulent.

decumbent-ascending, erect distally, simple, sometimes branched from proximal to medial nodes, 5–30 cm, short, delicately stipitate-glandular, distals minutely puberulent-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.4 mm (to 1 mm on proximal portions of stems), gland-tipped.

Leaves

cauline, basal not persistent;

petiole 0 mm;

blade pinnately veined, palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), linear to oblanceolate, (3–)4–17 × 1–4 mm, base attenuate, margins entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces minutely puberulent.

usually cauline, basal usually not persistent;

petiole: proximals and medials 8–20 mm, distalmost 1–2 mm;

blade palmately 3-veined, usually ovate or broadly ovate to depressed-ovate, proximals and medials 7–22 × 6–18 mm, sometimes largest at mid stem, base rounded or cuneate to gradually attenuate, margins shallowly dentate-serrate, teeth 2 or 3(–5) per side mostly distally, apex obtuse to obtuse-acuminate, surfaces sparsely villous to puberulent-glandular, hairs vitreous, gland-tipped, sometimes glabrous.

Flowers

herkogamous, 1–36, from distal or medial to distal nodes.

plesiogamous, 2–12, usually evenly distributed from proximal to distal nodes, chasmogamous, anther pairs in larger corollas slightly separated, stigma at level of distal pair, or both anther pairs and stigma at same level; in smaller corollas without expanded limb and barely exserted beyond calyx margin, both anther pairs and stigma at same level.

Styles

glabrous.

Corollas

pink to purple, abaxial limb with 2 yellow ridges, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, 6–15 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 8–15 mm, lobes deeply notched, abaxial limb sparsely bearded.

yellow, throat floor sometimes red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate;

tube-throat narrowly funnelform to cylindric, 7–10(–12) mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 8–12 mm, palate villous.

Fruiting pedicels

spreading horizontally, 5–33 mm.

10–35 mm, short, delicately stipitate-glandular, distals minutely puberulent-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.4 mm, gland-tipped.

Fruiting calyces

sometimes red-spotted on ribs, becoming straw colored, cylindric, 4–8 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, glabrous, ribs weak, lobes pronounced, erect, margins ciliate.

nodding 45–180º, consistently dark purple-spotted, cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 8–11 mm, glabrous or sparsely puberulent-glandular, sometimes minutely hirtellous, throat closing.

Capsules

included, 4–8 mm.

included, stipitate, 4–6 mm.

Anthers

included, glabrous.

= 28.

Erythranthe palmeri

Erythranthe pardalis

Phenology

Flowering Apr–Jun.

Flowering (Mar–)Apr–May.

Habitat

Moist areas in openings in pine forest and desert chaparral transitions.

Crevices of serpentine rock, stony red soils, red clay, among boulders, along streams, ditches, tailings at copper mines.

Elevation

900–2200 m. (3000–7200 ft.)

100–700 m. (300–2300 ft.)

Distribution

[WildflowerSearch map]

Discussion

Erythranthe palmeri has been confused with other closely related species, including E. diffusa, E. discolor (pink form), E. rhodopetra, and E. sierrae. It was previously thought to be a widely distributed species because of this taxonomic confusion but now is regarded as endemic to the Transverse Range in the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The relative constancy of Erythranthe pardalis in morphology suggests that genetic influence from other species is slight. It is recognized by its annual duration and relatively delicate habit, ovate to depressed-ovate leaves toothed mostly on the distal margins, small flowers produced from all nodes (proximal to distal), dark-spotted calyces, and stipitate-glandular cauline and foliar vestiture. While the corolla limbs are distinctly expanded, the tubes are only slightly exserted from the calyx, and flowers apparently are plesiogamous. The epithet pardalis alludes to the dark-spotted calyx.

Plants of Erythranthe pardalis occur primarily on serpentine rocks and soils but also grow on copper tailings at mine sites. The species is known from Amador, Calaveras, El Dorado, Placer, Tehama, and Tuolumne counties. The plants in Tehama County, geographically and ecologically disjunct from the main range, were recorded as growing in basalt crevices.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 387.

FNA vol. 17, p. 420.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Erythranthe

Sibling taxa

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

Synonyms

Mimulus palmeri

Mimulus pardalis, M. cupriphilus, M. guttatus var. cupriphilus, M. guttatus var. pardalis

Name authority

(A. Gray) N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012)

(Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America

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Erythranthe palmeri

Erythranthe pardalis

Erythranthe palmeri

Erythranthe pardalis