Erythranthe norrisii |
Erythranthe thermalis |
|
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Kaweah monkeyflower, Norris' monkeyflower |
Yellowstone monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted. | Annuals, taprooted, rarely with a basal, runnerlike stem. |
Stems | ascending to erect-ascending, geniculate at nodes, usually branched from proximal nodes, 2–15(–25) cm, villous-glandular. |
erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 1.5–10(–15) cm, villous-glandular proximally, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular distally. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiole 5–10(–15) mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, sometimes with 1–3 distal vein pairs diverging pinnately, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 20–35 × 10–20 mm, base usually attenuate, margins subentire to distally denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces villous-glandular. |
basal and cauline, cauline 2–5 pairs; petiole: basal and proximal cauline 3–20 mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, suborbicular to ovate, depressed-ovate, ovate-deltate, or reniform, 4–15(–20) × 4–20 mm, base cuneate to truncate or subcordate, margins evenly crenate-dentate to subentire, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–5, from medial to distal nodes. |
plesiogamous, 1–5(–9), usually at distal nodes, chasmogamous. |
Styles | glabrous. |
hirtellous. |
Corollas | yellow, base of each lobe with a prominent maroon splotch, abaxial limb with white patch at 2 sinus bases, weakly bilaterally or radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or regular; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, 12–16 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 15–30 mm, lobes oblong-obovate to orbicular-obovate, apex rounded-truncate. |
yellow, red-dotted or not, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 8–12 mm, exserted 1–2 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 12–15 mm, throat open, palate villous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 20–35(–50) mm, villous-glandular. |
7–12 mm, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular. |
Fruiting calyces | red-dotted, campanulate, weakly inflated, 4–6 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, villous-glandular, ribs rounded-thickened, lobes pronounced, erect, often incurved, linear-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, apex rounded to blunt. |
ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 8–11 mm, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular, throat closing, adaxial lobe longer than others. |
Capsules | usually slightly exserted, 4–6 mm. |
included, 5–6 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 32. |
= 28. |
Erythranthe norrisii |
Erythranthe thermalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Mar–Aug. |
Habitat | Steep marble outcrops in soil pockets, moss covered marble and quartzite ledges, cracks, fractures, weathered faces, chamise chaparral or blue oak woodlands. | Hot, shallow, quick-drying soils around thermal pools and vents. |
Elevation | 300–1300 m. (1000–4300 ft.) | 2200–2600 m. (7200–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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WY |
Discussion | Erythranthe norrisii is known only from the Kaweah River drainage; most populations are in Sequoia National Park in Tulare County. The species is characterized by its short-petiolate leaves with attenuate bases, very large corollas with red splotches at the base of each lobe and two white patches on the abaxial limb, and very short, purple-dotted calyces with rounded-thickened ribs and linear-oblong lobes incurved in fruit. The capsules often are slightly exserted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe thermalis is endemic to Yellowstone National Park in northwestern Wyoming. The species is recognized by its annual duration (without rhizomes), reduced stature and leaf size, and short, but broad-limbed, corollas with autogamous fertilization. Typical E. guttata (rhizomatous, herkogamous) also grows in the immediately surrounding areas but apparently not in hot soils. Each species maintains distinctions in growth form, phenology and mating system in common garden experiments (Y. Lekberg et al. 2012). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 405. | FNA vol. 17, p. 413. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus norrisii | Mimulus thermalis |
Name authority | (Heckard & Shevock) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 39. (2012) | (A. Nelson) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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