Erythranthe norrisii |
Erythranthe hymenophylla |
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Kaweah monkeyflower, Norris' monkeyflower |
thin-sepal monkeyflower |
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Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted. | Annuals, filiform-taprooted. |
Stems | ascending to erect-ascending, geniculate at nodes, usually branched from proximal nodes, 2–15(–25) cm, villous-glandular. |
prostrate to ascending-erect, sharply bent at basal nodes, simple or few-branched, 5–25 cm, glandular-puberulent to glandular-villous, hairs 0.1–0.8 mm, vitreous, flattened, multicellular, gland-tipped. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiole 5–10(–15) mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, sometimes with 1–3 distal vein pairs diverging pinnately, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 20–35 × 10–20 mm, base usually attenuate, margins subentire to distally denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces villous-glandular. |
basal and cauline, largest at mid stem; petiole 6–30 mm; blade pinnately veined, broadly lanceolate to ovate, 10–35 × 10–30 mm, distinctly membranous, base cuneate to shallowly cordate, margins coarsely dentate to shallowly denticulate or entire, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glandular-puberulent to glandular-villous, hairs 0.1–0.8 mm, vitreous, flattened, multicellular, gland-tipped, glandular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 1–5, from medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 1–6, from proximal to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, base of each lobe with a prominent maroon splotch, abaxial limb with white patch at 2 sinus bases, weakly bilaterally or radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or regular; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, 12–16 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 15–30 mm, lobes oblong-obovate to orbicular-obovate, apex rounded-truncate. |
light yellow, throat and abaxial lobes red- or purple-spotted, sometimes with small white patches, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 10–14 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes obovate-oblong, apex rounded to truncate or notched. |
Fruiting pedicels | 20–35(–50) mm, villous-glandular. |
divergent at right angles from stem, usually closely paired, 10–45 mm, negatively phototropic, causing capsules to be pressed against a cliff face or crevice at time of dehiscence, glandular-puberulent to glandular-villous, hairs 0.1–0.8 mm, vitreous, flattened, multicellular, gland-tipped. |
Fruiting calyces | red-dotted, campanulate, weakly inflated, 4–6 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, villous-glandular, ribs rounded-thickened, lobes pronounced, erect, often incurved, linear-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, apex rounded to blunt. |
angled, tubular-campanulate, slightly inflated, 5–7 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, sparsely stipitate-glandular, lobes pronounced, erect. |
Capsules | usually slightly exserted, 4–6 mm. |
included, 3–6 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 32. |
= 32. |
Erythranthe norrisii |
Erythranthe hymenophylla |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–May. | Flowering Apr–Aug(–Sep). |
Habitat | Steep marble outcrops in soil pockets, moss covered marble and quartzite ledges, cracks, fractures, weathered faces, chamise chaparral or blue oak woodlands. | Steep, seasonally moist, basalt cliffs with west or southwest exposure, mesic coniferous forests. |
Elevation | 300–1300 m. (1000–4300 ft.) | 800–1300 m. (2600–4300 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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ID; MT; OR |
Discussion | Erythranthe norrisii is known only from the Kaweah River drainage; most populations are in Sequoia National Park in Tulare County. The species is characterized by its short-petiolate leaves with attenuate bases, very large corollas with red splotches at the base of each lobe and two white patches on the abaxial limb, and very short, purple-dotted calyces with rounded-thickened ribs and linear-oblong lobes incurved in fruit. The capsules often are slightly exserted. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In the protologue, R. J. Meinke observed that plants of Erythranthe hymenophylla have reflexed fruiting pedicels that increase seed dispersal back onto the vertical cliff wall, the characteristic habitat of the species. The hanging habit of E. hymenophylla is reflected in a sharp (90º to 180º) bend in the basal nodes and the long pedicels that are closely paired and divergent in parallel at about right angles from the stem. The species also is characterized by it very short calyx to corolla length, relatively short capsules, and large seeds. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 405. | FNA vol. 17, p. 397. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus norrisii | Mimulus hymenophyllus |
Name authority | (Heckard & Shevock) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 39. (2012) | (Meinke) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012) |
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