Erythranthe nasuta |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
|
---|---|---|
calyx-nose monkeyflower, erythranthe nasuta, large-nose monkey-flower, little yellow monkey-flower, snouted monkey-flower |
cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower |
|
Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted or slender-taprooted. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect to ascending-erect or decumbent, simple or branched from proximal nodes, 4-angled, sometimes shallowly 4-winged, thin-wiry, or fistulose, 2–35(–100) cm, glabrous except for a consistently small, villous-glandular area just above nodes, sometimes hirtellous distally. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate. |
Leaves | basal and cauline or basal not persistent; petiole: proximals to medials 3–35 mm, base narrowly flanged, distals 0 mm; blade ± red tinged abaxially or purple-spotted, palmately 3–5-veined, elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, suborbicular, or depressed-ovate, (5–)10–49(–80) × (3–)10–25(–60) mm, as long as wide or wider than long, proximals largest and persistent, base cuneate to truncate or subcordate, margins irregularly dentate to dentate-serrate or nearly lacerate-dentate, commonly doubly toothed, main teeth 4–9 per side, sometimes sublacerate to sublyrate basally, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hirtellous, hairs dull, terete, sharp-pointed, eglandular. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate. |
Flowers | plesiogamous, (1 or)2–12(–20), from distal nodes, sometimes from medial to distal, chasmogamous or cleistogamous. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | minutely scabrous or glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, throat usually red-spotted, abaxial limb base usually with a red splotch, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat broadly cylindric, (5–)8–12 mm, exserted (0–)1–2 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 6–12 mm. |
scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; throat open. |
Fruiting pedicels | (3–)7–20(–40) mm, longer than subtending leaves, glabrate, sometimes glandular-villous adaxially at axils. |
30–90(–120) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | nodding 30–180º, usually purple-tinged or -spotted, ovoid-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, (5–)10–15(–19) mm, glabrous or minutely hirtellous to appressed-hirtellous, minutely short-ciliate at sinuses, throat closing, adaxial lobe usually longer than abaxial, slightlty falcate. |
cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute. |
Capsules | included, (4–)5–9(–10) mm. |
included, 10–16 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 26, 28, 56. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe nasuta |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jun(–Jul). | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Cliff faces, ledges, crevices, and bases, wet rocks in rivers, streamsides, sand bars, mossy seeps, wet clay banks, moist fields, sandy soils, depressions over granite, roadsides. | Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges. |
Elevation | (0–)600–2300(–3200) m. ((0–)2000–7500(–10500) ft.) | (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; ID; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; BC; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
|
CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
|
Discussion | Erythranthe nasuta is characterized by its annual duration (fibrous-rooted), four-angled stems, broadly ovate leaves commonly with irregularly toothed margins, calyces with longish, protruding adaxial lobes, and short corollas (all autogamous, chasmogamous or cleistogamous). Flowers may vary significantly in size, even on a single plant. Plants commonly produce tiny cleistogamous flowers on branches (usually at the base of the plant) separate from those with larger flowers. At least the distal and bracteal leaves consistently have hirtellous to hirsutulous adaxial surfaces, even in the smallest of plants. Glandular vestiture is produced only in the axils. Some plants, apparently at the upper limits of populational variability, produce thick-fistulose stems to 100 cm, large leaves (to 80 × 60 mm), and large fruiting calyces (16–19 mm). Plants described as Mimulus sookensis (B. G. Benedict 1993; Benedict et al. 2012) are tetraploid and have been hypothesized to have arisen as alloploids between Erythranthe nasuta and E. microphylla in two or more independent events. In morphology, however, they are indistinguishable from E. nasuta and are treated here within it. In contrast, experimental hybrids and naturally occurring nasuta-microphylla hybrids apparently of contemporary origin are intermediate in morphology (see review by G. L. Nesom 2013e). The tetraploid occurs from northern California to southwestern British Columbia (A. L. Sweigart et al. 2008; Benedict et al. 2012). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California. Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 418. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus nasuta, M. bakeri, M. cuspidatus, M. erosus, M. guttatus var. gracilis, M. guttatus var. nasutus, M. langsdorffii var. nasutus, M. luteus var. gracilis, M. puncticalyx, M. sookensis, M. subreniformis | Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) | (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840) |
Web links |
|
|