FNA: Erythranthe linearifolia vs. Erythranthe caespitosa

	Erythranthe linearifolia	Erythranthe caespitosa
	primrose monkeyflower, threadleaf primrose monkeyflower	large mountain monkey-flower, mountain monkeyflower, Olympic monkeyflower, subalpine monkeyflower
Habit	Perennials, rhizomatous, densely cespitose, forming large patches and turfs 0.3–1 m diam.	Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at proximal nodes, sometimes producing creeping, small-leaved runners, forming matted colonies, rhizomes filiform.
Stems	erect to ascending, simple, 2–10 cm, sparsely hirsute and stipitate-glandular, internodes shortened.	procumbent or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, delicate, usually in masses, terete or flattish, branched, 3–10 cm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular.
Leaves	basal or near basal, sometimes proximal cauline, subrosulate; petiole 0 mm; blade 1-veined or palmately 3-veined, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 15–50 × 1.5–5 mm, base long-cuneate, often subclasping, margins entire, dentate-serrate, or distally dentate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or adaxial sparsely short-pilose, eglandular.	basal and cauline; petiole: proximals 2–5 mm, distals 0 mm; blade often purple beneath, palmately 3-veined, orbicular to narrowly elliptic or ovate, proximals usually sublyrate, 3–12 mm, becoming larger distally, base cuneate to a short petiole, margins entire, mucronulate, or barely denticulate, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent, hairs minute, stipitate-glandular.
Flowers	herkogamous, 1.	herkogamous, 1–3, from distal nodes, commonly solitary.
Styles	glabrous.	minutely hirtellous.
Corollas	yellow, red-spotted or -striped, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate, loosely hirsute on abaxial side of opening; tube-throat narrowly campanulate, 18–22 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes broadly obovate-oblong, apex rounded- or truncate-notched, throat open.	yellow, dark red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform to cylindric-funnelform, 15–18 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb with deflexed-spreading lobes, adaxial with ascending lobes, palate partially closed.
Fruiting pedicels	(40–)65–85(–120) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular near base.	10–30(–40) mm, sparsely to moderately villous, hairs short, gland-tipped, sometimes hirtellous.
Fruiting calyces	winged- or plicate-angled, tubular-campanulate, weakly or not inflated, 9–10(–12) mm, glabrous.	broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–15 mm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular, throat closing, proximalmost lobe pair upcurving, distalmost 3–5 mm, prominently protruding.
Capsules	included, 6–7 mm.	included, 4–5 mm.
Anthers	included or slightly exserted, margins ciliate, glabrous.	included, glabrous.

	Erythranthe linearifolia	Erythranthe caespitosa
Phenology	Flowering Jul–Sep.	Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat	Wet banks, Darlingtonia seeps and bogs, seepages in serpentine talus.	Alpine meadows and slopes, stream banks, wet rocks in streams, wet crevices, talus.
Elevation	600–2800 m. (2000–9200 ft.)	1100–2000(–2300) m. (3600–6600(–7500) ft.)
Distribution	CA [WildflowerSearch map]	WA; BC [WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion	Erythranthe linearifolia is endemic to serpentine substrates in Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties; typical E. primuloides occurs in the same area but not on serpentine. Erythranthe linearifolia is distinct from E. primuloides especially in its narrow leaves and cespitose habit. A collection from Tulare County appears to be E. linearifolia (Shevock 10597, CAS), but this appears to be far out of range and the voucher should be reexamined; it probably is better identified as an unusual collection of E. primuloides. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Erythranthe caespitosa is endemic to northwestern and central Washington (Cascade and Olympic mountains) and adjacent British Columbia (Cascades, Selkirk Mountains and Chilliwack Valley, Coast Mountains). The plants have consistently small leaves with subentire margins, and the stems are consistently procumbent to decumbent-ascending, usually forming matted colonies. Erythranthe caespitosa and E. tilingii appear to be sympatric in counties of northwestern Washington, but this needs to be verified in the field. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 390.	FNA vol. 17, p. 409.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms	Mimulus primuloides var. linearifolius, M. linearifolius, M. primuloides subsp. linearifolius	Mimulus scouleri var. caespitosus, M. caespitosus, M. tilingii var. caespitosus
Name authority	(A. L. Grant) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012)	(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)
Web links	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: BC, OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Erythranthe caespitosa

primrose monkeyflower, threadleaf primrose monkeyflower

large mountain monkey-flower, mountain monkeyflower, Olympic monkeyflower, subalpine monkeyflower

Habit

Perennials, rhizomatous, densely cespitose, forming large patches and turfs 0.3–1 m diam.

Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at proximal nodes, sometimes producing creeping, small-leaved runners, forming matted colonies, rhizomes filiform.

Stems

erect to ascending, simple, 2–10 cm, sparsely hirsute and stipitate-glandular, internodes shortened.

procumbent or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, delicate, usually in masses, terete or flattish, branched, 3–10 cm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular.

Leaves

basal or near basal, sometimes proximal cauline, subrosulate;

petiole 0 mm;

blade 1-veined or palmately 3-veined, linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 15–50 × 1.5–5 mm, base long-cuneate, often subclasping, margins entire, dentate-serrate, or distally dentate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or adaxial sparsely short-pilose, eglandular.

basal and cauline;

petiole: proximals 2–5 mm, distals 0 mm;

blade often purple beneath, palmately 3-veined, orbicular to narrowly elliptic or ovate, proximals usually sublyrate, 3–12 mm, becoming larger distally, base cuneate to a short petiole, margins entire, mucronulate, or barely denticulate, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent, hairs minute, stipitate-glandular.

Flowers

herkogamous, 1.

herkogamous, 1–3, from distal nodes, commonly solitary.

Styles

glabrous.

minutely hirtellous.

Corollas

yellow, red-spotted or -striped, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate, loosely hirsute on abaxial side of opening;

tube-throat narrowly campanulate, 18–22 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

lobes broadly obovate-oblong, apex rounded- or truncate-notched, throat open.

yellow, dark red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate;

tube-throat broadly funnelform to cylindric-funnelform, 15–18 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

abaxial limb with deflexed-spreading lobes, adaxial with ascending lobes, palate partially closed.

Fruiting pedicels

(40–)65–85(–120) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular near base.

10–30(–40) mm, sparsely to moderately villous, hairs short, gland-tipped, sometimes hirtellous.

Fruiting calyces

winged- or plicate-angled, tubular-campanulate, weakly or not inflated, 9–10(–12) mm, glabrous.

broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–15 mm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular, throat closing, proximalmost lobe pair upcurving, distalmost 3–5 mm, prominently protruding.

Capsules

included, 6–7 mm.

included, 4–5 mm.

Anthers

included or slightly exserted, margins ciliate, glabrous.

included, glabrous.

Erythranthe linearifolia

Erythranthe caespitosa

Phenology

Flowering Jul–Sep.

Habitat

Wet banks, Darlingtonia seeps and bogs, seepages in serpentine talus.

Alpine meadows and slopes, stream banks, wet rocks in streams, wet crevices, talus.

Elevation

600–2800 m. (2000–9200 ft.)

1100–2000(–2300) m. (3600–6600(–7500) ft.)

Distribution

[WildflowerSearch map]

WA; BC

[WildflowerSearch map]

Discussion

Erythranthe linearifolia is endemic to serpentine substrates in Shasta, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties; typical E. primuloides occurs in the same area but not on serpentine. Erythranthe linearifolia is distinct from E. primuloides especially in its narrow leaves and cespitose habit. A collection from Tulare County appears to be E. linearifolia (Shevock 10597, CAS), but this appears to be far out of range and the voucher should be reexamined; it probably is better identified as an unusual collection of E. primuloides.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Erythranthe caespitosa is endemic to northwestern and central Washington (Cascade and Olympic mountains) and adjacent British Columbia (Cascades, Selkirk Mountains and Chilliwack Valley, Coast Mountains). The plants have consistently small leaves with subentire margins, and the stems are consistently procumbent to decumbent-ascending, usually forming matted colonies. Erythranthe caespitosa and E. tilingii appear to be sympatric in counties of northwestern Washington, but this needs to be verified in the field.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 390.

FNA vol. 17, p. 409.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Erythranthe

Sibling taxa

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

Synonyms

Mimulus primuloides var. linearifolius, M. linearifolius, M. primuloides subsp. linearifolius

Mimulus scouleri var. caespitosus, M. caespitosus, M. tilingii var. caespitosus

Name authority

(A. L. Grant) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 35. (2012)

(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America, OregonFlora, UW Burke Herbarium

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Erythranthe linearifolia

Erythranthe caespitosa

Erythranthe linearifolia

Erythranthe caespitosa