Erythranthe lewisii |
Erythranthe scouleri |
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great purple monkey-flower, great purple or Lewis' monkeyflower, Lewis' monkey flower, pink monkey-flower, purple monkey-flower |
Columbia River monkey-flower, Scouler's monkey-flower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous. | Perennials, rhizomatous, producing long, sparsely leafy runners from basal nodes. |
Stems | erect, usually simple, (15–)25–60(–75) cm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous. |
erect, simple or few-branched, 15–80 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic to ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or broadly oblanceolate, (10–)25–75(–90) × 5–35 mm, base rounded to cuneate, subclasping, margins denticulate, subentire, or entire, apex acute, surfaces stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous. |
cauline, basal usually not persistent; petiole: proximals and medial 10–25 mm (gradually merging into blade), distals 0 mm; blade palmately (3–)5–7-veined to subpinnate, (proximal to medial) oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 25–60 × 8–18 mm, usually 3–4 times longer than wide, base attenuate, margins evenly, shallowly dentate or crenate to mucronate or mucronulate, teeth 10–20 per side, sometimes more deeply toothed at base, apex obtuse to acute, surfaces glabrous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–6(–10), axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, (1 or)2–8, from distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
minutely, prominently hirsutulous to villosulous. |
Corollas | purple, rarely crimson, pale violet, white, pinkish white, yellowish white, or lavender, sometimes lined with red dots, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 22–28 mm, exserted beyond calyx margins; lobe apex usually truncate to shallowly convex, shallowly retuse, throat open. |
yellow, without red markings, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 20–24 mm, exserted 10–15 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 22–30 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | (25–)35–70 mm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous. |
20–25 mm, glabrous. |
Fruiting calyces | broadly cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 15–22 mm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous, tube 12–15(–17) × 9–12 mm. |
ovoid, inflated, sagittally compressed, 13–14 mm, glabrous, throat closing. |
Capsules | included, 6–11 mm. |
unknown. |
Anthers | included, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 16. |
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Erythranthe lewisii |
Erythranthe scouleri |
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Phenology | Flowering Jun–Sep. | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Stream banks, springs, wet meadows, subalpine slopes, talus, crevices, ditches. | Salt marshes, river banks. |
Elevation | 600–2900(–3200) m. (2000–9500(–10500) ft.) | 0–20 m. (0–100 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
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OR; WA |
Discussion | Erythranthe lewisii in California occurs in Modoc, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. California records from Shasta County and south previously identified as E. lewisii are identified here as E. erubescens. The record for E. lewisii in Alaska is documented by this collection: Hyder [noted on handwritten label as "New to Alaska, Standley"], damp land, 27 June 1924, K. Whited 1291 (MO). Apparent exceptions to the characteristic flower color are these: white to lavender in Nevada (Clark County, Charleston Mountains, Train 2068, MO); pinkish white in Washington (Skamania and Yakima counties, Mt. Paddo, Suksdorf 5779, MO); white or tinged with yellow, in Wyoming (Teton County, as described by Nelson in the protologue of Mimulus lewisii var. tetonensis). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe scouleri is distinctive in its oblong-elliptic leaves with long-tapering bases and closely toothed margins, completely glabrous vestiture, long, leafy runners from basal cauline nodes, large corollas with broad limbs, and prominently hairy styles. Several features suggest a close relationship to E. decora, particularly its very large corollas, hairy styles, closely toothed leaf margins, tall, simple, and erect stems, numerous runners, and its geographic range. All collections apparently have been made near the mouth of the Columbia River in Clatsop and Columbia counties, Oregon (G. L. Nesom 2013d). Recent observations (Alexander John Wright, pers. comm.; photos http://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3537008) indicate that it also occurs in Wahkiakum County, Washington, in the Julia Butler Hansen Refuge. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 392. | FNA vol. 17, p. 415. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus lewisii, M. lewisii var. tetonensis | Mimulus scouleri, M. guttatus subsp. scouleri |
Name authority | (Pursh) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 36. (2012) | (Hooker) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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