Flora of North America species comparison

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Erythranthe lewisii

Erythranthe arvensis

great purple monkey-flower, great purple or Lewis' monkeyflower, Lewis' monkey flower, pink monkey-flower, purple monkey-flower

field monkey-flower, villous-bract monkeyflower, western monkey-flower
Habit Perennials, rhizomatous. Annuals, taprooted or fibrous-rooted, sometimes rooting at proximal cauline nodes if decumbent.
Stems

erect, usually simple, (15–)25–60(–75) cm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous.

erect to decumbent-ascending, simple or branched from proximal to medial nodes, usually 4-angled, fistulose to very narrow, 5–70 cm, glabrous, sometimes minutely hirtellous in inflorescence, hairs deflexed, eglandular.
Leaves

cauline;

petiole 0 mm;

blade palmately veined, elliptic to ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or broadly oblanceolate, (10–)25–75(–90) × 5–35 mm, base rounded to cuneate, subclasping, margins denticulate, subentire, or entire, apex acute, surfaces stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous.

basal and cauline or basal not persistent, often largest at mid stem or above, reduced in size distally;

petiole 3–20(–90) mm, distals 0 mm;

blade palmately 3–5-veined, ovate to orbicular, orbicular-ovate, oblong-ovate, or (middle and distal cauline) broadly orbicular to depressed-ovate or nearly reniform, (5–)10–35(–45) × 6–26(–50) mm, distal closely paired, auriculate-subclasping, base rounded to truncate, subcordate, or shallowly cordate, margins denticulate or subentire to distinctly dentate, on larger plants proximal characteristically lacerate-lobed to pinnatifid at margin base, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous except for bracts densely villous abaxially, sometimes also adaxially, hairs long, sometimes vitreous, flattened, eglandular, multicellular.
Flowers

herkogamous, 2–6(–10), axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes.

plesiogamous, 3–8(–16), from remote distal nodes, chasmogamous or cleistogamous.
Styles

glabrous.

glabrous.
Corollas

purple, rarely crimson, pale violet, white, pinkish white, yellowish white, or lavender, sometimes lined with red dots, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, 22–28 mm, exserted beyond calyx margins;

lobe apex usually truncate to shallowly convex, shallowly retuse, throat open.

yellow, usually red-spotted, weakly bilaterally or nearly radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or nearly regular;

tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, (7–)8–12 mm, exserted (0–)1–2(–3) mm beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 5–10 mm.
Fruiting pedicels

(25–)35–70 mm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous.

5–40(–90) mm, longer than subtending leaves, glabrous.
Fruiting calyces

broadly cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 15–22 mm, stipitate-glandular to glandular-villous, tube 12–15(–17) × 9–12 mm.

red-dotted or not, ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, (7–)9–14 mm, minutely hirtellous, throat closing or not, remaining open, lobes upcurving weakly, adaxial lobe not distinctly longer than abaxial, not falcate.
Capsules

included, 6–11 mm.

included, stipitate, (5–)6–7 mm.
Anthers

included, white-villous, thecae spreading.

included, glabrous.
2n

= 16.

= 28.

Erythranthe lewisii

Erythranthe arvensis
Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep. Flowering Apr–Jun(–Jul).
Habitat Stream banks, springs, wet meadows, subalpine slopes, talus, crevices, ditches. Hills, ridges, clay banks, stream banks, moist woods.
Elevation 600–2900(–3200) m. (2000–9500(–10500) ft.) 30–1900(–2300) m. (100–6200(–7500) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; CO; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

Erythranthe lewisii in California occurs in Modoc, Siskiyou, and Trinity counties. California records from Shasta County and south previously identified as E. lewisii are identified here as E. erubescens. The record for E. lewisii in Alaska is documented by this collection: Hyder [noted on handwritten label as "New to Alaska, Standley"], damp land, 27 June 1924, K. Whited 1291 (MO).

Apparent exceptions to the characteristic flower color are these: white to lavender in Nevada (Clark County, Charleston Mountains, Train 2068, MO); pinkish white in Washington (Skamania and Yakima counties, Mt. Paddo, Suksdorf 5779, MO); white or tinged with yellow, in Wyoming (Teton County, as described by Nelson in the protologue of Mimulus lewisii var. tetonensis).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Erythranthe arvensis usually is easily recognized, characterized by its annual duration (but commonly rooting at proximal cauline nodes, suggestive of a rhizomatous habit), glabrous stems with nodes relatively few and remotely spaced, depressed-ovate leaves with margins often sublyrate (lacerate-lobed to subpinnatifid) at the base, distal leaves and bracts densely villous with vitreous eglandular hairs, other leaves glabrous, and corollas varying in size from relatively small but perhaps chasmogamous (the type of Mimulus arvensis) to even smaller (cleistogamous; the type of M. micranthus). The breeding system is consistently autogamous. The relatively short and even-sized calyx lobes that do not turn upward to close the orifice have been considered diagnostic of E. arvensis. This feature is evident in some plants, but others (perhaps reflecting gene flow from other species) have a longer adaxial calyx lobe and abaxial lobes that turn upward variably.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 392. FNA vol. 17, p. 420.
Parent taxa Phrymaceae > Erythranthe Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa
E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms Mimulus lewisii, M. lewisii var. tetonensis Mimulus arvensis, M. guttatus subsp. arvensis, M. guttatus var. arvensis, M. guttatus subsp. micranthus, M. langsdorffii var. arvensis, M. longulus, M. micranthus
Name authority (Pursh) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 36. (2012) (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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