Flora of North America species comparison

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Erythranthe latidens

Erythranthe cardinalis

broad-tooth monkeyflower

cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower
Habit Annuals, fibrous-rooted or filiform-taprooted. Perennials, rhizomatous.
Stems

ascending to ascending-erect, geniculate at nodes, usually many-branched from base, 3–10(–25) cm, short stipitate-glandular or sessile-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped.

usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate.
Leaves

basal and cauline, largest at base or near mid stem, sometimes unreduced in size up to distalmost nodes;

petiole 0 mm;

cauline blade palmately 3(–5)-veined, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 8–26(–35) mm, base abruptly cuneate to rounded, sometimes subauriculate, margins entire or barely mucronulate to shallowly dentate-mucronulate, teeth or mucronulae 1–3 per side, apex acute to rounded, surfaces short stipitate-glandular or sessile-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped.

usually cauline;

petiole 0 mm;

blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate.
Flowers

plesiogamous, (1–)3–12, from medial to distal nodes.

herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes.
Styles

glabrous.

glabrous.
Corollas

white to pinkish or flesh colored, rarely yellowish, throat and abaxial lobes red-spotted, nearly radially symmetric;

tube-throat cylindric, 5–6(–8) mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

limb barely widened, lobes broadly obovate, apex rounded.

scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

throat open.
Fruiting pedicels

straight, 11–28 mm, short stipitate-glandular or sessile-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped.

30–90(–120) mm.
Fruiting calyces

purplish, prominently 5-angled, tubular-campanulate or ovoid-ellipsoid, strongly inflated, 8–12 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, short stipitate-glandular or sessile-glandular, hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, gland-tipped, lobes pronounced, erect.

cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute.
Capsules

included, 6–7 mm.

included, 10–16 mm.
Anthers

included, glabrous.

exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading.
2n

= 16.

Erythranthe latidens

Erythranthe cardinalis
Phenology Flowering Apr–Jun. Flowering May–Sep.
Habitat Drained flats or slopes subject to vernal inundation, depressions in open fields, bare clay soils, vacant lots, roadsides. Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges.
Elevation 10–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

The distinction between Erythranthe latidens and E. inflatula sometimes seems arbitrary, perhaps because of gene exchange where they are sympatric in northwestern California. Erythranthe latidens in Oregon is known only from southern Harney County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California.

Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 400. FNA vol. 17, p. 393.
Parent taxa Phrymaceae > Erythranthe Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa
E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms Mimulus inconspicuus var. latidens, M. latidens Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens
Name authority (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012) (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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