Erythranthe laciniata |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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cut-leaf monkeyflower |
cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower |
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Habit | Annuals, slender-taprooted or fibrous-rooted. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect, simple or branched from base, 3–38 cm, glabrous or sparsely hirtellous, finely villosulous-glandular above nodes. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate. |
Leaves | cauline, basal deciduous by flowering; petiole 1–35 mm, distals 0 mm; blade 1-veined or palmately 3-veined, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, oblanceolate, or oblong, 3–55 mm, longer than wide, base attenuate, margins narrowly pinnately lobed or dissected, sometimes merely shallowly toothed, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrate. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate. |
Flowers | plesiogamous, 2–8, from medial to distal nodes, chasmogamous, sometimes cleistogamous. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, throat red-spotted, abaxial limb of larger usually with 1 large red splotch, bilaterally symmetric, ± bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 4–6 mm, exserted 1–2 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 5–6 mm. |
scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; throat open. |
Fruiting pedicels | nodding 30–140º at calyx base, 5–25 mm. |
30–90(–120) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | red-spotted, cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 8–10 mm, glabrate, throat closing, lobes ca. equal size or adaxial slightly longer. |
cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute. |
Capsules | included, stipitate, 5–7 mm. |
included, 10–16 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 28. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe laciniata |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul(–Aug). | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Cracks, depressions, and seeps in granite outcrops, ledges, talus and scree, rocky streamsides, rocky slopes, roadsides, intermittent drainages. | Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges. |
Elevation | 900–2300(–3300) m. (3000–7500(–10800) ft.) | (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Erythranthe laciniata is known from Amador County south to Kern County. As in Erythranthe nasuta, the adaxial calyx lobe in E. laciniata tends to be narrowly lanceolate to triangular (noselike) and perceptibly falcate, curving slightly upward both in flower and in fruit. The adaxial lobe is not so prominently protruding as it often is in E. nasuta. Corolla size is variable in Erythranthe laciniata, but the size of those with an open throat (versus much reduced in size and apparently cleistogamous) is not strongly correlated with size of the individual plant, and all on one plant are about the same size (compare with E. nasuta). Corollas on some plants, however, are all or nearly all greatly reduced and apparently cleistogamous. Fertilization in even the larger corollas apparently is autogamous; the anther pairs are slightly separated or equal in level, and the stigma is in the middle of the anthers or at the level of the adaxial pair. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California. Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 419. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus laciniatus, M. eisenii | Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens |
Name authority | (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) | (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840) |
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