Erythranthe laciniata |
Erythranthe caespitosa |
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cut-leaf monkeyflower |
large mountain monkey-flower, mountain monkeyflower, Olympic monkeyflower, subalpine monkeyflower |
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Habit | Annuals, slender-taprooted or fibrous-rooted. | Perennials, rhizomatous, rooting at proximal nodes, sometimes producing creeping, small-leaved runners, forming matted colonies, rhizomes filiform. |
Stems | erect, simple or branched from base, 3–38 cm, glabrous or sparsely hirtellous, finely villosulous-glandular above nodes. |
procumbent or decumbent to decumbent-ascending, delicate, usually in masses, terete or flattish, branched, 3–10 cm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular. |
Leaves | cauline, basal deciduous by flowering; petiole 1–35 mm, distals 0 mm; blade 1-veined or palmately 3-veined, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, oblanceolate, or oblong, 3–55 mm, longer than wide, base attenuate, margins narrowly pinnately lobed or dissected, sometimes merely shallowly toothed, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glabrate. |
basal and cauline; petiole: proximals 2–5 mm, distals 0 mm; blade often purple beneath, palmately 3-veined, orbicular to narrowly elliptic or ovate, proximals usually sublyrate, 3–12 mm, becoming larger distally, base cuneate to a short petiole, margins entire, mucronulate, or barely denticulate, apex obtuse, surfaces sparsely to moderately puberulent, hairs minute, stipitate-glandular. |
Flowers | plesiogamous, 2–8, from medial to distal nodes, chasmogamous, sometimes cleistogamous. |
herkogamous, 1–3, from distal nodes, commonly solitary. |
Styles | glabrous. |
minutely hirtellous. |
Corollas | yellow, throat red-spotted, abaxial limb of larger usually with 1 large red splotch, bilaterally symmetric, ± bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 4–6 mm, exserted 1–2 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 5–6 mm. |
yellow, dark red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform to cylindric-funnelform, 15–18 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; abaxial limb with deflexed-spreading lobes, adaxial with ascending lobes, palate partially closed. |
Fruiting pedicels | nodding 30–140º at calyx base, 5–25 mm. |
10–30(–40) mm, sparsely to moderately villous, hairs short, gland-tipped, sometimes hirtellous. |
Fruiting calyces | red-spotted, cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 8–10 mm, glabrate, throat closing, lobes ca. equal size or adaxial slightly longer. |
broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–15 mm, glabrous, minutely hirtellous, or stipitate-glandular, throat closing, proximalmost lobe pair upcurving, distalmost 3–5 mm, prominently protruding. |
Capsules | included, stipitate, 5–7 mm. |
included, 4–5 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 28. |
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Erythranthe laciniata |
Erythranthe caespitosa |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul(–Aug). | Flowering Jul–Sep. |
Habitat | Cracks, depressions, and seeps in granite outcrops, ledges, talus and scree, rocky streamsides, rocky slopes, roadsides, intermittent drainages. | Alpine meadows and slopes, stream banks, wet rocks in streams, wet crevices, talus. |
Elevation | 900–2300(–3300) m. (3000–7500(–10800) ft.) | 1100–2000(–2300) m. (3600–6600(–7500) ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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WA; BC
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Discussion | Erythranthe laciniata is known from Amador County south to Kern County. As in Erythranthe nasuta, the adaxial calyx lobe in E. laciniata tends to be narrowly lanceolate to triangular (noselike) and perceptibly falcate, curving slightly upward both in flower and in fruit. The adaxial lobe is not so prominently protruding as it often is in E. nasuta. Corolla size is variable in Erythranthe laciniata, but the size of those with an open throat (versus much reduced in size and apparently cleistogamous) is not strongly correlated with size of the individual plant, and all on one plant are about the same size (compare with E. nasuta). Corollas on some plants, however, are all or nearly all greatly reduced and apparently cleistogamous. Fertilization in even the larger corollas apparently is autogamous; the anther pairs are slightly separated or equal in level, and the stigma is in the middle of the anthers or at the level of the adaxial pair. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe caespitosa is endemic to northwestern and central Washington (Cascade and Olympic mountains) and adjacent British Columbia (Cascades, Selkirk Mountains and Chilliwack Valley, Coast Mountains). The plants have consistently small leaves with subentire margins, and the stems are consistently procumbent to decumbent-ascending, usually forming matted colonies. Erythranthe caespitosa and E. tilingii appear to be sympatric in counties of northwestern Washington, but this needs to be verified in the field. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 419. | FNA vol. 17, p. 409. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus laciniatus, M. eisenii | Mimulus scouleri var. caespitosus, M. caespitosus, M. tilingii var. caespitosus |
Name authority | (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) |
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