FNA: Erythranthe jungermannioides vs. Erythranthe michiganensis

	Erythranthe jungermannioides	Erythranthe michiganensis
	Jungermann's monkeyflower, liverwort monkey-flower	Michigan monkeyflower
Habit	Perennials, stoloniferous, stolons thin, forming overwintering turions.	Perennials, rhizomatous, usually producing numerous leafy stolons from basal nodes, rooting at distal nodes, sometimes forming mats.
Stems	decumbent to procumbent, simple or branching near base, 5–38(–60) cm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, internodes evident.	ascending-erect or basally decumbent, becoming erect in inflorescence, branched, 12–50(–70) cm, glabrous or minutely hirtellous and stipitate-glandular.
Leaves	cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 2–5(–20) mm; blade subpalmately to pinnately veined, broadly ovate to broadly lanceolate, 7–35(–40) × 8–25 mm, base rounded, margins sharply, irregularly dentate to denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glandular-villous.	cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 1–5(–15) mm, mid stem and distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, broadly ovate to broadly ovate-elliptic or suborbicular, 8–30 mm, relatively even-sized or diminishing in size distally, bracteal reduced, slightly falcate, base truncate to cuneate, margins evenly or unevenly dentate-serrate to dentate, teeth 3–8 per side, apex usually rounded, surfaces glabrous or minutely hirtellous and stipitate-glandular.
Flowers	herkogamous, 2 or 3, from medial to distal nodes.	herkogamous, 2–14, mostly from distal nodes or medial to distal nodes.
Styles	scabrous.	glabrous.
Corollas	yellow, with scattered red spots, palate ridges with 2 white patches at tips, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (12–)16–20(–24) mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 8–10 mm, lobes obovate-oblong, apex rounded to truncate.	yellow, sometimes faintly red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric-campanulate, 10–14 mm, exserted 5–8 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 10–15 mm.
Fruiting pedicels	15–35 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped.	10–25 mm, villous-glandular to minutely villosulous-glandular.
Fruiting calyces	plicate-angled, cylindric-urceolate, weakly inflated, 6–12 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, lobes 1–2 mm, apex rounded to mucronate.	cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–10 mm, puberulous to softly hirtellous, mixed with longer, stipitate-glandular hairs, throat not closing, adaxial lobe 2 times longer than others, slightly upcurving.
Capsules	included, 5–9 mm.	unknown.
Anthers	included, glabrous.	included, glabrous.
2n	= 32.	= (28)30.

	Erythranthe jungermannioides	Erythranthe michiganensis
Phenology	Flowering May–Jul(–Aug).	Flowering Jun–Aug(–Oct).
Habitat	Basalt crevices in seepage zones in vertical cliff faces and canyon walls.	Cold calcareous springs, seeps, depressions, streams, alkaline shorelines at mouths of small drainages, steep moraine slopes, bluff bases, commonly in northern white cedar swamps.
Elevation	100–400(–1200) m. (300–1300(–3900) ft.)	500–600 m. (1600–2000 ft.)
Distribution	OR; WA [WildflowerSearch map]	MI
Discussion	The occurrence of Erythranthe jungermannioides in the Columbia River Gorge of Klickitat County, Washington (the only record from the state of Washington), is based on an imprecise, unconfirmed observation from the early 1990s (Washington National Heritage Program 2005). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Based on data from allozyme and RAPD studies, morphology, and crossing studies, A. L. Posto and L. A. Prather (2003) raised Erythranthe [Mimulus] michiganensis to specific rank. The species is endemic to a small area in the Mackinac Straits and Grand Traverse regions of Michigan; it is known to be extant at 15 sites and apparently is extinct at three previously known sites. Plants of all but one of the populations are essentially pollen-sterile and reproduce through rhizomes. However, the didynamous stamens and stigma positioned above the adaxial anther pair, along with the relatively large corollas with broadly expanded limb, are reflective of an allogamous breeding system, which seems unusual in view of its apparent sterility. The narrow geographic distribution of E. michiganensis lies within the wider range of E. geyeri, and the two are known to co-occur at two sites, apparently without hybridization or morphologically intermediate individuals. Erythranthe michiganensis (as Mimulus michiganensis) is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 396.	FNA vol. 17, p. 407.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms	Mimulus jungermannioides	Mimulus glabratus subsp. michiganensis, M. glabratus var. michiganensis, M. michiganensis
Name authority	(Suksdorf) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012)	(Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012)
Web links	Local floras: OR, WA Local Web sites: Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local Web sites: MI Flora WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Erythranthe michiganensis

Jungermann's monkeyflower, liverwort monkey-flower

Michigan monkeyflower

Habit

Perennials, stoloniferous, stolons thin, forming overwintering turions.

Perennials, rhizomatous, usually producing numerous leafy stolons from basal nodes, rooting at distal nodes, sometimes forming mats.

Stems

decumbent to procumbent, simple or branching near base, 5–38(–60) cm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, internodes evident.

ascending-erect or basally decumbent, becoming erect in inflorescence, branched, 12–50(–70) cm, glabrous or minutely hirtellous and stipitate-glandular.

Leaves

cauline, basal not persistent;

petiole 2–5(–20) mm;

blade subpalmately to pinnately veined, broadly ovate to broadly lanceolate, 7–35(–40) × 8–25 mm, base rounded, margins sharply, irregularly dentate to denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glandular-villous.

cauline, basal not persistent;

petiole 1–5(–15) mm, mid stem and distals 0 mm;

blade palmately 3–5-veined, broadly ovate to broadly ovate-elliptic or suborbicular, 8–30 mm, relatively even-sized or diminishing in size distally, bracteal reduced, slightly falcate, base truncate to cuneate, margins evenly or unevenly dentate-serrate to dentate, teeth 3–8 per side, apex usually rounded, surfaces glabrous or minutely hirtellous and stipitate-glandular.

Flowers

herkogamous, 2 or 3, from medial to distal nodes.

herkogamous, 2–14, mostly from distal nodes or medial to distal nodes.

Styles

scabrous.

glabrous.

Corollas

yellow, with scattered red spots, palate ridges with 2 white patches at tips, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, (12–)16–20(–24) mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 8–10 mm, lobes obovate-oblong, apex rounded to truncate.

yellow, sometimes faintly red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate;

tube-throat cylindric-campanulate, 10–14 mm, exserted 5–8 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 10–15 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

15–35 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped.

10–25 mm, villous-glandular to minutely villosulous-glandular.

Fruiting calyces

plicate-angled, cylindric-urceolate, weakly inflated, 6–12 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, lobes 1–2 mm, apex rounded to mucronate.

cylindric-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–10 mm, puberulous to softly hirtellous, mixed with longer, stipitate-glandular hairs, throat not closing, adaxial lobe 2 times longer than others, slightly upcurving.

Capsules

included, 5–9 mm.

unknown.

Anthers

included, glabrous.

= 32.

= (28)30.

Erythranthe jungermannioides

Erythranthe michiganensis

Phenology

Flowering May–Jul(–Aug).

Flowering Jun–Aug(–Oct).

Habitat

Basalt crevices in seepage zones in vertical cliff faces and canyon walls.

Cold calcareous springs, seeps, depressions, streams, alkaline shorelines at mouths of small drainages, steep moraine slopes, bluff bases, commonly in northern white cedar swamps.

Elevation

100–400(–1200) m. (300–1300(–3900) ft.)

500–600 m. (1600–2000 ft.)

Distribution

OR; WA

[WildflowerSearch map]

Discussion

The occurrence of Erythranthe jungermannioides in the Columbia River Gorge of Klickitat County, Washington (the only record from the state of Washington), is based on an imprecise, unconfirmed observation from the early 1990s (Washington National Heritage Program 2005).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Based on data from allozyme and RAPD studies, morphology, and crossing studies, A. L. Posto and L. A. Prather (2003) raised Erythranthe [Mimulus] michiganensis to specific rank. The species is endemic to a small area in the Mackinac Straits and Grand Traverse regions of Michigan; it is known to be extant at 15 sites and apparently is extinct at three previously known sites. Plants of all but one of the populations are essentially pollen-sterile and reproduce through rhizomes. However, the didynamous stamens and stigma positioned above the adaxial anther pair, along with the relatively large corollas with broadly expanded limb, are reflective of an allogamous breeding system, which seems unusual in view of its apparent sterility. The narrow geographic distribution of E. michiganensis lies within the wider range of E. geyeri, and the two are known to co-occur at two sites, apparently without hybridization or morphologically intermediate individuals.

Erythranthe michiganensis (as Mimulus michiganensis) is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 396.

FNA vol. 17, p. 407.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Erythranthe

Sibling taxa

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

Synonyms

Mimulus jungermannioides

Mimulus glabratus subsp. michiganensis, M. glabratus var. michiganensis, M. michiganensis

Name authority

(Suksdorf) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012)

(Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America, OregonFlora, UW Burke Herbarium

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Flora of North America species comparison

Erythranthe jungermannioides

Erythranthe michiganensis

Erythranthe jungermannioides

Erythranthe michiganensis