Erythranthe jungermannioides |
Erythranthe gemmipara |
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Jungermann's monkeyflower, liverwort monkey-flower |
Rocky Mountain or petiole-purse monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, stoloniferous, stolons thin, forming overwintering turions. | Annuals, taprooted. |
Stems | decumbent to procumbent, simple or branching near base, 5–38(–60) cm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, internodes evident. |
erect, straight at nodes, simple, 1–10 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 2–5(–20) mm; blade subpalmately to pinnately veined, broadly ovate to broadly lanceolate, 7–35(–40) × 8–25 mm, base rounded, margins sharply, irregularly dentate to denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glandular-villous. |
cauline; petiole 2–3 mm, laterally compressed, base deeply saccate, usually containing a lenticular propagule; blade emerging from bulbils, palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate, 2–8(–10) × 2–5(–7) mm, base truncate to shallowly cordate, margins entire or remotely denticulate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2 or 3, from medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, (1 or)2–12, from medial or medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | scabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, with scattered red spots, palate ridges with 2 white patches at tips, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (12–)16–20(–24) mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 8–10 mm, lobes obovate-oblong, apex rounded to truncate. |
yellow, palate yellow, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat broadly cylindric-funnelform, 3–4 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; lobes subequal, oblong-obovate, throat open, palate puberulent, abaxial ridges low. |
Fruiting pedicels | 15–35 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped. |
4–6 mm, slightly longer than calyx, glabrous. |
Fruiting calyces | plicate-angled, cylindric-urceolate, weakly inflated, 6–12 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, lobes 1–2 mm, apex rounded to mucronate. |
strongly angled, subcampanulate, weakly inflated, 3–4 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, glabrous, lobes pronounced, erect, incurved-triangular. |
Capsules | included, 5–9 mm. |
unknown. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 32. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe jungermannioides |
Erythranthe gemmipara |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul(–Aug). | Flowering Jul–Aug(–Sep). |
Habitat | Basalt crevices in seepage zones in vertical cliff faces and canyon walls. | Granitic seeps, thin soils over bedrock cliff bases, crevices, ledges, talus, among rocks and boulders, Douglas fir, spruce-fir, and aspen forests. |
Elevation | 100–400(–1200) m. (300–1300(–3900) ft.) | 2600–3700 m. (8500–12100 ft.) |
Distribution |
OR; WA
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CO |
Discussion | The occurrence of Erythranthe jungermannioides in the Columbia River Gorge of Klickitat County, Washington (the only record from the state of Washington), is based on an imprecise, unconfirmed observation from the early 1990s (Washington National Heritage Program 2005). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe gemmipara is known only from Grand, Jefferson, Larimer, and Park counties in north-central Colorado. Flowers in this species are uncommon, and seed set has not been observed in natural populations; reproduction in nature appears to be solely asexual via overwintering propagules (bulbils) formed in leaf axils. Two meristems are initiated in each axil. The proximal meristem produces a pair of starch-thickened storage leaves, a rudimentary axis, and a distal pair of preformed leaf primordia that enclose the shoot apical meristem. Root primordia are present within the first node of the bulbil. The petiole of the subtending leaf expands laterally and folds adaxially to enclose the developing bulbil, and entangled trichomes along the petiole margins secure it following leaf abscission and dispersal. The leaf blades commonly are deciduous, leaving the bulbil still attached (M. R. Beardsley 1997). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 396. | FNA vol. 17, p. 395. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus jungermannioides | Mimulus gemmiparus |
Name authority | (Suksdorf) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012) | (W. A. Weber) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 37. (2012) |
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