Erythranthe jungermannioides |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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Jungermann's monkeyflower, liverwort monkey-flower |
cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower |
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Habit | Perennials, stoloniferous, stolons thin, forming overwintering turions. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | decumbent to procumbent, simple or branching near base, 5–38(–60) cm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, internodes evident. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate. |
Leaves | cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 2–5(–20) mm; blade subpalmately to pinnately veined, broadly ovate to broadly lanceolate, 7–35(–40) × 8–25 mm, base rounded, margins sharply, irregularly dentate to denticulate, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces glandular-villous. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2 or 3, from medial to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | scabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, with scattered red spots, palate ridges with 2 white patches at tips, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (12–)16–20(–24) mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 8–10 mm, lobes obovate-oblong, apex rounded to truncate. |
scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; throat open. |
Fruiting pedicels | 15–35 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped. |
30–90(–120) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | plicate-angled, cylindric-urceolate, weakly inflated, 6–12 mm, densely glandular-villous, hairs 0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, gland-tipped, lobes 1–2 mm, apex rounded to mucronate. |
cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute. |
Capsules | included, 5–9 mm. |
included, 10–16 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 32. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe jungermannioides |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul(–Aug). | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Basalt crevices in seepage zones in vertical cliff faces and canyon walls. | Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges. |
Elevation | 100–400(–1200) m. (300–1300(–3900) ft.) | (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.) |
Distribution |
OR; WA
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CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | The occurrence of Erythranthe jungermannioides in the Columbia River Gorge of Klickitat County, Washington (the only record from the state of Washington), is based on an imprecise, unconfirmed observation from the early 1990s (Washington National Heritage Program 2005). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California. Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 396. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus jungermannioides | Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens |
Name authority | (Suksdorf) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 38. (2012) | (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840) |
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