Flora of North America species comparison

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Erythranthe guttata

Erythranthe cinnabarina

common monkey-flower, seep monkey-flower, yellow monkey-flower

Arizona big red monkeyflower
Habit Perennials, rhizomatous, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes. Perennials, rhizomatous.
Stems

erect to ascending-erect, branched distally, sometimes fistulose, to 10 mm wide, pressed, (6–)15–65(–80) cm, villous-glandular or moderately to densely hirtellous, hairs eglandular or glandular and eglandular.

usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–60 cm, glabrous.
Leaves

basal and cauline or basal not persistent;

petiole 0 mm or proximals 1–95 mm;

blade subpinnately, sometimes palmately, 5–7-veined, ovate-elliptic to ovate or suborbicular, 4–125 mm, 1–2 times longer than wide, gradually or abruptly reduced in size distally, base rounded to cuneate to truncate, margins crenate to coarsely dentate, proximally shallowly toothed to irregularly small-lobed or lyrate-dissected, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous.

usually cauline;

petiole 0 mm;

blade palmately veined, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate, 60–125 × 25–46 mm, base narrowly auriculate, clasping to subclasping, margins shallowly dentate, teeth sharp-pointed, apex acute, adaxial surface glabrous or minutely sessile- or stipitate-glandular along veins, lamina glabrous.
Flowers

herkogamous, (1–)3–20(–28), from distal nodes, sometimes in relatively compact racemes with reduced bracts.

herkogamous, 2–4(–8), axillary at leafy distal nodes.
Styles

minutely hirsutulous to villosulous.

glabrous.
Corollas

yellow, red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, (10–)12–20 mm, exserted 3–5 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 12–24 mm.

deep orange, dull orange, red-orange, or deep scarlet, throat yellow-orange, dark red stripes leading onto basal part of lobes, not spotted, palate ridges red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate;

tube-throat tubular, 29–36 mm, exserted 7–12 mm beyond calyx margin;

throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous, hairs yellowish.
Fruiting pedicels

15–40(–60) mm, villous-glandular or moderately to densely hirtellous, hairs eglandular or glandular and eglandular.

50–95 mm.
Fruiting calyces

nodding, usually without red markings, ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 11–17(–20) mm, villous-glandular or moderately to densely hirtellous, hairs eglandular or glandular and eglandular, throat closing.

cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, (27–)29–34 mm, minutely stipitate- or sessile-glandular, lobes 7–10 mm, ovate, apex abruptly attenuate to linear-caudate.
Capsules

included, 7–11(–12) mm.

included, 14–18 mm.
Anthers

included, glabrous.

exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading.
2n

= 28, 56.

= 16.

Erythranthe guttata

Erythranthe cinnabarina
Phenology Flowering Apr–Sep. Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Springs and seeps, marshes, beaver dams, along rivers, streams, and irrigation canals, loamy soils in conifer forests, wet and damp meadows, wet roadsides. Canyons, ravines, streambeds and margins, riparian vegetation, mixed conifer forest.
Elevation 20–3200(–3700) m. (100–10500(–12100) ft.) 2100–3300 m. (6900–10800 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AZ; CA; CO; CT; ID; MI; MT; NE; NM; NV; NY; OR; PA; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; NB; NT; SK; YT; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nayarit, Sonora) [Introduced in Europe]
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AZ
Discussion

Erythranthe guttata is markedly variable in stature, leaf shape, vestiture, flower size, and the separation distance between anthers and stigma; it ranges from subalpine and near-alpine habitats into desert situations where water is available.

In all of Colorado, the Four Corners area, and north-central New Mexico, the vestiture of stems and calyces is consistently densely hirsute-hirtellous, without glandular hairs. Plants with similar vestiture also occur in British Columbia, Oregon, and Washington, and in scattered localities elsewhere. In northwestern Arizona, California Nevada, and southern Oregon, vestiture is consistently villous-glandular, without eglandular hairs. Elsewhere in the geographic range the vestiture is a mix of hirsute-hirtellous (eglandular) and villous-glandular hairs. Other morphological variants and patterns, as well as variation in ploidy level, within Erythranthe guttata were discussed by G. L. Nesom (2012i).

Plants of Erythranthe guttata with extremely large corollas have been frequently collected on the Aleutian Islands, Kodiak Island, and in other Alaskan localities (for example, Admiralty Island Amakuk, Juneau, and Yakutat Bay). Corolla tube-throats are 19–26 mm, and the limbs are expanded to 18–25 mm. The type collection of E. guttata is one of these plants, and the name E. guttata may prove to apply most appropriately only to Alaskan populations. Diploids and tetraploids appear to be sympatric in Alaska.

Mimulus guttatus subsp. haidensis was described as an endemic subalpine race that occurs in and along the flanks of the Queen Charlotte Mountains on Graham Island and Moresby Island. The subspecies was distinguished on the basis of its hirtellous vestiture, but plants of similar hirtellous vestiture occur over the whole range of the species. A tetraploid chromosome number (2n = 56) was reported for subsp. haidensis from a total of five localities on Graham Island and Moresby Island (J. A. Calder and R. L. Taylor 1968, vol. 2), and diploids (2n = 28) were documented from one locality on each of the two islands. At least one of the diploids has densely hirtellous stems, pedicels, and calyces, matching the morphology of subsp. haidensis.

Erythranthe guttata is naturalized in Europe and has been introduced to the northeastern United States (Connecticut, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania) and eastern Canada (New Brunswick).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Erythranthe cinnabarina is similar to typical E. cardinalis in its spreading anther thecae, relatively short-exserted corolla tube, and its reflexing corolla lobes but distinct in its generally larger leaves with reduced vestiture, fewer flowers, larger calyx and corolla, apically caudate calyx lobes, and its separate geographical range.

Erythranthe cinnabarina occurs in Cochise County (Chiricahua Mountains), Graham County (Pinaleño Mountains), and Pima County (Santa Catalina Mountains). Erythranthe verbenacea, with which it sometimes has been confused, occurs at lower elevations (350–2600 m) and ranges over most of the state (Apache, Cochise, Coconino, Gila, Graham, La Paz, Maricopa, Mohave, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Yavapai counties). Erythranthe cinnabarina apparently occurs alone (without E. verbenacea) in the Pinaleño Mountains and in the Chiricahua Mountains, but both species have been abundantly documented in the Santa Catalina Mountains, where they sometimes closely co-occur in areas of elevational overlap (for example, at Marshall Gulch, about 2500 m; at Bear Wallow Campground, about 2600 m).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 411. FNA vol. 17, p. 393.
Parent taxa Phrymaceae > Erythranthe Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa
E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms Mimulus guttatus, M. clementinus, M. equinus, M. glabratus var. adscendens, M. grandiflorus, M. guttatus subsp. haidensis, M. guttatus var. puberulus, M. hirsutus, M. langsdorffii var. argutus, M. langsdorffii var. californicus, M. langsdorffii var. guttatus, M. langsdorffii var. minimus, M. langsdorffii var. platyphyllus, M. lyratus, M. paniculatus, M. petiolaris, M. prionophyllus, M. puberulus, M. rivularis
Name authority (de Candolle) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2014-31: 16, figs. 16, 17. (2014)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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