Erythranthe grayi |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
|
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Gray's monkeyflower, mariposa monkeyflower |
cardinal monkey flower, scarlet monkey-flower |
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Habit | Annuals, fibrous-rooted. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect, simple or branched from base, weakly 4-angled, 8–20 cm, glabrous. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–75 cm, ± glandular-villous or glabrate. |
Leaves | basal and cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, broadly ovate, 7–18 × 5–12 mm, base rounded, margins denticulate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous, rarely sparsely puberulent. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic-ovate to ovate or obovate, 20–90(–110) × 10–38(–60) mm, thick, base acuminate, subclasping, margins irregularly serrate to dentate, apex acute, surfaces ± glandular-villous to glabrate. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 2–20, from proximal to distal nodes. |
herkogamous, 2–12, axillary at leafy medial to distal nodes. |
Styles | glabrous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | rose red, throat pink lined with rose red and a yellow patch, abaxial ridges yellow, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat cylindric-funnelform, 8–11 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 7–10 mm. |
scarlet to orange-red, rarely yellow, throat yellowish, red-striped, palate red, yellow-villous, not spotted or striped, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, (15–)20–30 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; throat open. |
Fruiting pedicels | 6–7 mm, shorter than subtending leaves, glabrous. |
30–90(–120) mm. |
Fruiting calyces | campanulate, 9–11 × 5–6 mm, margins subtruncate, glabrous, sometimes densely papillate at flowering with tiny, 1-celled, eglandular hairs, these apparently deciduous by fruiting, lobes reduced, subequal. |
cylindric to cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, 17–28(–30) mm, hispid-hirsute to hirsute, lobes 4–7 mm, ovate to ovate-deltate, apex attenuate-acute. |
Capsules | included, 5–9 mm. |
included, 10–16 mm. |
Anthers | included, minutely villous-hirsute. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 16. |
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Erythranthe grayi |
Erythranthe cardinalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Jul(–Oct). | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Drying pond beds, creek banks, yellow pine, yellow pine-Libocedrus woodlands. | Moist to wet places along streams, lakes, creek beds, canyon, arroyo, and ravine bottoms, around springs and seepage areas, flood plains, moist clearings and woods edges. |
Elevation | 1000–1900 m. (3300–6200 ft.) | (5–)50–2300(–2800) m. ((0–)200–7500(–9200) ft.) |
Distribution |
CA
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CA; NV; OR; WA; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | In addition to the features noted in the key and descriptions, the fruiting calyces of Erythranthe grayi are distinctly more inflated than those of E. acutidens and E. inconspicua. G. L. Nesom (2012g) maintained E. grayi as distinct from E. acutidens, relying primarily on fruiting pedicel length (see key above), but the two have nearly identical ranges (Tuolumne County south to Kern County), and study of additional collections suggests that only a single species may be represented. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Yellow-flowered populations of Erythranthe cardinalis occur on Cedros Island, Baja California, and in the Siskiyou Mountains of Oregon (R. K. Vickery 1992). They have been documented also on Santa Cruz Island, California. Populations of Erythranthe cardinalis in King and Yakima counties, Washington, are introduced and naturalized. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 382. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus grayi | Mimulus cardinalis, M. cardinalis var. exsul, M. cardinalis var. griseus, M. cardinalis var. rigens |
Name authority | (A. L. Grant) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 34. (2012) | (Douglas ex Bentham) Spach: Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 313. (1840) |
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