Erythranthe grandis |
Erythranthe cinnabarina |
|
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large monkey-flower, magnificent monkeyflower, magnificent seep monkeyflower |
Arizona big red monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes. | Perennials, rhizomatous. |
Stems | erect, sometimes decumbent basally, branched, often fistulose, (25–)50–120(–160) cm, densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs. |
usually erect to ascending, freely branched, 25–60 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | basal and cauline, basal usually not persistent, bracteate in inflorescence; petiole 10–80 mm, gradually reduced distally; blade subpinnately, sometimes palmately, 5–7-veined, ovate to broadly elliptic, 25–60 × 20–40(–60) mm, usually 1–2 times longer than wide, base truncate or truncate-cuneate to subcordate, margins crenulate to dentate, proximally sometimes sublyrate, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces of distals densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs. |
usually cauline; petiole 0 mm; blade palmately veined, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or broadly lanceolate, 60–125 × 25–46 mm, base narrowly auriculate, clasping to subclasping, margins shallowly dentate, teeth sharp-pointed, apex acute, adaxial surface glabrous or minutely sessile- or stipitate-glandular along veins, lamina glabrous. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 8–26, mostly from distal nodes, usually in bracteate racemes. |
herkogamous, 2–4(–8), axillary at leafy distal nodes. |
Styles | hirtellous. |
glabrous. |
Corollas | yellow, red-dotted within, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform, (14–)16–24 mm, exserted (8–)10–15 mm beyond calyx margin; limb broadly expanded. |
deep orange, dull orange, red-orange, or deep scarlet, throat yellow-orange, dark red stripes leading onto basal part of lobes, not spotted, palate ridges red, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat tubular, 29–36 mm, exserted 7–12 mm beyond calyx margin; throat open, palate ridges densely short-villous, hairs yellowish. |
Fruiting pedicels | 10–35 mm, densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs. |
50–95 mm. |
Fruiting calyces | straight-erect or nodding 45–100º, ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 15–22(–25) mm, densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs, throat closing. |
cylindric-campanulate, not inflated, (27–)29–34 mm, minutely stipitate- or sessile-glandular, lobes 7–10 mm, ovate, apex abruptly attenuate to linear-caudate. |
Capsules | included, 8–12 mm. |
included, 14–18 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
exserted, white-villous, thecae spreading. |
2n | = 28. |
= 16. |
Erythranthe grandis |
Erythranthe cinnabarina |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Sep). | Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). |
Habitat | Beaches, dunes, coastal bluffs, wet cliff faces, mud flats and seeps, marshes, drainage ditches, creeks, rarely in coastal sage scrub. | Canyons, ravines, streambeds and margins, riparian vegetation, mixed conifer forest. |
Elevation | 0–200(–800) m. (0–700(–2600) ft.) | 2100–3300 m. (6900–10800 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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AZ |
Discussion | The densely, evenly puberulent vestiture of pedicels, calyces, and distal stems usually is diagnostic, especially in combination with the large flowers (corollas and mature calyces) and tall stature. Plants from scattered collections are much shorter than normal but have large corollas and characteristic vestiture. Erythranthe grandis characteristically occurs in coastal localities from southern California to northern Oregon but also is found in inland localities and habitats near the coast but well away from salt spray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe cinnabarina is similar to typical E. cardinalis in its spreading anther thecae, relatively short-exserted corolla tube, and its reflexing corolla lobes but distinct in its generally larger leaves with reduced vestiture, fewer flowers, larger calyx and corolla, apically caudate calyx lobes, and its separate geographical range. Erythranthe cinnabarina occurs in Cochise County (Chiricahua Mountains), Graham County (Pinaleño Mountains), and Pima County (Santa Catalina Mountains). Erythranthe verbenacea, with which it sometimes has been confused, occurs at lower elevations (350–2600 m) and ranges over most of the state (Apache, Cochise, Coconino, Gila, Graham, La Paz, Maricopa, Mohave, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Yavapai counties). Erythranthe cinnabarina apparently occurs alone (without E. verbenacea) in the Pinaleño Mountains and in the Chiricahua Mountains, but both species have been abundantly documented in the Santa Catalina Mountains, where they sometimes closely co-occur in areas of elevational overlap (for example, at Marshall Gulch, about 2500 m; at Bear Wallow Campground, about 2600 m). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 412. | FNA vol. 17, p. 393. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus guttatus var. grandis, M. grandis, M. guttatus subsp. litoralis, M. langsdorffii var. grandis, M. procerus | |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) | G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2014-31: 16, figs. 16, 17. (2014) |
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