Erythranthe grandis |
Erythranthe thermalis |
|
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large monkey-flower, magnificent monkeyflower, magnificent seep monkeyflower |
Yellowstone monkeyflower |
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Habit | Perennials, rhizomatous, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes. | Annuals, taprooted, rarely with a basal, runnerlike stem. |
Stems | erect, sometimes decumbent basally, branched, often fistulose, (25–)50–120(–160) cm, densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs. |
erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 1.5–10(–15) cm, villous-glandular proximally, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular distally. |
Leaves | basal and cauline, basal usually not persistent, bracteate in inflorescence; petiole 10–80 mm, gradually reduced distally; blade subpinnately, sometimes palmately, 5–7-veined, ovate to broadly elliptic, 25–60 × 20–40(–60) mm, usually 1–2 times longer than wide, base truncate or truncate-cuneate to subcordate, margins crenulate to dentate, proximally sometimes sublyrate, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces of distals densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs. |
basal and cauline, cauline 2–5 pairs; petiole: basal and proximal cauline 3–20 mm, distals 0 mm; blade palmately 3–5-veined, suborbicular to ovate, depressed-ovate, ovate-deltate, or reniform, 4–15(–20) × 4–20 mm, base cuneate to truncate or subcordate, margins evenly crenate-dentate to subentire, apex acute to obtuse or rounded, surfaces moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular. |
Flowers | herkogamous, 8–26, mostly from distal nodes, usually in bracteate racemes. |
plesiogamous, 1–5(–9), usually at distal nodes, chasmogamous. |
Styles | hirtellous. |
hirtellous. |
Corollas | yellow, red-dotted within, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat broadly funnelform, (14–)16–24 mm, exserted (8–)10–15 mm beyond calyx margin; limb broadly expanded. |
yellow, red-dotted or not, bilaterally symmetric, strongly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 8–12 mm, exserted 1–2 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 12–15 mm, throat open, palate villous. |
Fruiting pedicels | 10–35 mm, densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs. |
7–12 mm, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular. |
Fruiting calyces | straight-erect or nodding 45–100º, ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 15–22(–25) mm, densely hirsutulous to softly hirtellous-puberulent to pilose-hirsutulous, hairs usually crinkly, and eglandular or with a mixture of hirtellous-puberulent and stipitate-glandular hairs, sometimes ± stipitate-glandular or glandular-villous without hirtellous-puberulent hairs, throat closing. |
ovate-campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 8–11 mm, moderately to densely stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous and eglandular, throat closing, adaxial lobe longer than others. |
Capsules | included, 8–12 mm. |
included, 5–6 mm. |
Anthers | included, glabrous. |
included, glabrous. |
2n | = 28. |
= 28. |
Erythranthe grandis |
Erythranthe thermalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Apr–)May–Jul(–Sep). | Flowering Mar–Aug. |
Habitat | Beaches, dunes, coastal bluffs, wet cliff faces, mud flats and seeps, marshes, drainage ditches, creeks, rarely in coastal sage scrub. | Hot, shallow, quick-drying soils around thermal pools and vents. |
Elevation | 0–200(–800) m. (0–700(–2600) ft.) | 2200–2600 m. (7200–8500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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WY |
Discussion | The densely, evenly puberulent vestiture of pedicels, calyces, and distal stems usually is diagnostic, especially in combination with the large flowers (corollas and mature calyces) and tall stature. Plants from scattered collections are much shorter than normal but have large corollas and characteristic vestiture. Erythranthe grandis characteristically occurs in coastal localities from southern California to northern Oregon but also is found in inland localities and habitats near the coast but well away from salt spray. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Erythranthe thermalis is endemic to Yellowstone National Park in northwestern Wyoming. The species is recognized by its annual duration (without rhizomes), reduced stature and leaf size, and short, but broad-limbed, corollas with autogamous fertilization. Typical E. guttata (rhizomatous, herkogamous) also grows in the immediately surrounding areas but apparently not in hot soils. Each species maintains distinctions in growth form, phenology and mating system in common garden experiments (Y. Lekberg et al. 2012). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 412. | FNA vol. 17, p. 413. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe | Phrymaceae > Erythranthe |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus guttatus var. grandis, M. grandis, M. guttatus subsp. litoralis, M. langsdorffii var. grandis, M. procerus | Mimulus thermalis |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012) | (A. Nelson) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012) |
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