FNA: Erythranthe glaucescens vs. Erythranthe unimaculata

	Erythranthe glaucescens	Erythranthe unimaculata
	shield-bract monkeyflower	green-palate monkeyflower
Habit	Annuals, slender-taprooted or fibrous-rooted, rarely with runners from basal nodes.	Annuals, shallowly fibrous-rooted or slender-taprooted, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes.
Stems	erect, simple or branched, terete, sometimes 4-angled distally, (5–)30–60(–80) cm, glabrous, glaucous.	erect or basally ascending-erect, simple or few-branched, becoming fistulose in larger plants, (2–)10–30(–100) cm, delicately short glandular-villous to stipitate-glandular, often glabrous below inflorescence.
Leaves	basal and cauline; petiole: basal and proximal cauline as long as or much longer than blade, slender, sometimes pubescent or villous, distals absent; blade palmately 3–5-veined, (proximal) ovate to ovate-elliptic or orbicular-ovate, sometimes subcordate, 10–50 mm, midcauline to distal orbicular, 5–45 mm wide, distinctly connate-perfoliate, disclike distally, base rounded to subcordate, margins: proximals denticulate to dentate or coarsely, irregularly toothed, sometimes lobed at base, distals nearly entire or toothed, teeth scattered, small, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous, glaucous.	usually cauline, basal sometimes persistent, distal connate-perfoliate, often bractlike; petiole: proximals 4–10(–15) mm, distals 0 mm; blade: proximals sometimes subpinnately veined, usually with (1 or)2 pairs arising from midvein above base, becoming palmately veined distally, ovate-lanceolate to ovate or broadly ovate-elliptic, mid cauline 12–40(–50) × 10–25(–45) mm, base rounded to truncate or cuneate, margins shallowly dentate-serrate to serrate, teeth 7–12 per side, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, sometimes with sharp-pointed hirtellous, vitreous-flattened, or gland-tipped hairs.
Flowers	herkogamous, 1–16, from distal nodes, sometimes from nearly all, chasmogamous.	herkogamous, (1–)3–14, usually from mid stem and distally, chasmogamous.
Styles	minutely hirtellous-puberulent.	hirtellous.
Corollas	yellow, sometimes with a median splotch, abaxial limb densely dark yellow, others much lighter, throat floor and tube red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 12–23 mm, exserted 4–8 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 14–36 mm.	pale yellow, palate and abaxial throat dark yellow, drying blue-green, red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform to subfunnelform, (7–)9–14 mm, exserted 3–4 mm beyond calyx margin; limb broadly expanded (8–17 mm pressed), palate densely bearded.
Fruiting pedicels	10–50 mm, glabrous, glaucous.	10–40 mm, delicately short glandular-villous to stipitate-glandular, often glabrous below inflorescence.
Fruiting calyces	broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–16 mm, glabrous, glaucous, throat closing.	nodding 30–90º, broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 9–13(–15) mm, sparsely glandular-villous to stipitate-glandular, throat closing, adaxial lobe distinctly longer.
Capsules	included, 5–11 mm.	included, 5–8 mm.
Anthers	included, glabrous.	included, glabrous.
2n	= 28.	= 28.

	Erythranthe glaucescens	Erythranthe unimaculata
Phenology	Flowering Mar–May(–Jun).	Flowering Jan–Jun.
Habitat	Seepage areas, wet rocks, moist cliffs, pool edges, gravelly stream banks, serpentine outcrops, roadsides and roadcuts, low pastures, riparian woodlands, blue oak woodlands, chaparral, grasslands.	Stream and canal sides, pool edges, canyon bottoms, sand, gravel, and mud, riparian habitats, pine-oak forests.
Elevation	80–900(–1100) m. (300–3000(–3600) ft.)	200–2000 m. (700–6600 ft.)
Distribution	CA [WildflowerSearch map]	AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
Discussion	Plants from one locality in Butte County are unusual in producing filiform, small-leaved runners from basal cauline nodes. Erythranthe glaucescens is known only from Butte and Tehama counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Erythranthe unimaculata is recognized by its annual duration (fibrous-rooted, without stolons or rhizomes), delicate-glandular vestiture, mostly sessile to subsessile, often widely spaced leaves, closed fruiting calyces, and relatively large, pale yellow to nearly white corollas with a dark yellow palate that commonly dries blue-green. The breeding system is allogamous. Plants commonly are single-stemmed and usually erect but sometimes produce decumbent-ascending stems branching from the base, these sometimes rooting at proximal nodes. Erythranthe unimaculata is known from Cochise, Gila, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona, and from Doña Ana County, New Mexico. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 417.	FNA vol. 17, p. 413.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms	Mimulus glaucescens, M. guttatus var. glaucescens	Mimulus unimaculatus
Name authority	(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)	(Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012)
Web links	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Erythranthe unimaculata

shield-bract monkeyflower

green-palate monkeyflower

Habit

Annuals, slender-taprooted or fibrous-rooted, rarely with runners from basal nodes.

Annuals, shallowly fibrous-rooted or slender-taprooted, sometimes rooting at proximal nodes.

Stems

erect, simple or branched, terete, sometimes 4-angled distally, (5–)30–60(–80) cm, glabrous, glaucous.

erect or basally ascending-erect, simple or few-branched, becoming fistulose in larger plants, (2–)10–30(–100) cm, delicately short glandular-villous to stipitate-glandular, often glabrous below inflorescence.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiole: basal and proximal cauline as long as or much longer than blade, slender, sometimes pubescent or villous, distals absent;

blade palmately 3–5-veined, (proximal) ovate to ovate-elliptic or orbicular-ovate, sometimes subcordate, 10–50 mm, midcauline to distal orbicular, 5–45 mm wide, distinctly connate-perfoliate, disclike distally, base rounded to subcordate, margins: proximals denticulate to dentate or coarsely, irregularly toothed, sometimes lobed at base, distals nearly entire or toothed, teeth scattered, small, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous, glaucous.

usually cauline, basal sometimes persistent, distal connate-perfoliate, often bractlike;

petiole: proximals 4–10(–15) mm, distals 0 mm;

blade: proximals sometimes subpinnately veined, usually with (1 or)2 pairs arising from midvein above base, becoming palmately veined distally, ovate-lanceolate to ovate or broadly ovate-elliptic, mid cauline 12–40(–50) × 10–25(–45) mm, base rounded to truncate or cuneate, margins shallowly dentate-serrate to serrate, teeth 7–12 per side, apex rounded to obtuse, surfaces glabrous, sometimes with sharp-pointed hirtellous, vitreous-flattened, or gland-tipped hairs.

Flowers

herkogamous, 1–16, from distal nodes, sometimes from nearly all, chasmogamous.

herkogamous, (1–)3–14, usually from mid stem and distally, chasmogamous.

Styles

minutely hirtellous-puberulent.

hirtellous.

Corollas

yellow, sometimes with a median splotch, abaxial limb densely dark yellow, others much lighter, throat floor and tube red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, 12–23 mm, exserted 4–8 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 14–36 mm.

pale yellow, palate and abaxial throat dark yellow, drying blue-green, red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform to subfunnelform, (7–)9–14 mm, exserted 3–4 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb broadly expanded (8–17 mm pressed), palate densely bearded.

Fruiting pedicels

10–50 mm, glabrous, glaucous.

10–40 mm, delicately short glandular-villous to stipitate-glandular, often glabrous below inflorescence.

Fruiting calyces

broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–16 mm, glabrous, glaucous, throat closing.

nodding 30–90º, broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 9–13(–15) mm, sparsely glandular-villous to stipitate-glandular, throat closing, adaxial lobe distinctly longer.

Capsules

included, 5–11 mm.

included, 5–8 mm.

Anthers

included, glabrous.

= 28.

Erythranthe glaucescens

Erythranthe unimaculata

Phenology

Flowering Mar–May(–Jun).

Flowering Jan–Jun.

Habitat

Seepage areas, wet rocks, moist cliffs, pool edges, gravelly stream banks, serpentine outcrops, roadsides and roadcuts, low pastures, riparian woodlands, blue oak woodlands, chaparral, grasslands.

Stream and canal sides, pool edges, canyon bottoms, sand, gravel, and mud, riparian habitats, pine-oak forests.

Elevation

80–900(–1100) m. (300–3000(–3600) ft.)

200–2000 m. (700–6600 ft.)

Distribution

[WildflowerSearch map]

AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)

Discussion

Plants from one locality in Butte County are unusual in producing filiform, small-leaved runners from basal cauline nodes. Erythranthe glaucescens is known only from Butte and Tehama counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Erythranthe unimaculata is recognized by its annual duration (fibrous-rooted, without stolons or rhizomes), delicate-glandular vestiture, mostly sessile to subsessile, often widely spaced leaves, closed fruiting calyces, and relatively large, pale yellow to nearly white corollas with a dark yellow palate that commonly dries blue-green. The breeding system is allogamous. Plants commonly are single-stemmed and usually erect but sometimes produce decumbent-ascending stems branching from the base, these sometimes rooting at proximal nodes.

Erythranthe unimaculata is known from Cochise, Gila, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties, Arizona, and from Doña Ana County, New Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 417.

FNA vol. 17, p. 413.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Erythranthe

Sibling taxa

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

Synonyms

Mimulus glaucescens, M. guttatus var. glaucescens

Mimulus unimaculatus

Name authority

(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)

(Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 44. (2012)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America

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Erythranthe glaucescens

Erythranthe unimaculata

Erythranthe glaucescens

Erythranthe unimaculata