FNA: Erythranthe glaucescens vs. Erythranthe cordata

	Erythranthe glaucescens	Erythranthe cordata
	shield-bract monkeyflower	tinytooter monkeyflower
Habit	Annuals, slender-taprooted or fibrous-rooted, rarely with runners from basal nodes.	Annuals, fibrous-rooted, sometimes producing leafy runners from basal nodes, stems often rooting at proximal nodes and appearing rhizomelike.
Stems	erect, simple or branched, terete, sometimes 4-angled distally, (5–)30–60(–80) cm, glabrous, glaucous.	usually erect, usually simple, usually fistulose, 12–40(–100) cm, sparsely stipitate-glandular, hairs fine, gland-tipped.
Leaves	basal and cauline; petiole: basal and proximal cauline as long as or much longer than blade, slender, sometimes pubescent or villous, distals absent; blade palmately 3–5-veined, (proximal) ovate to ovate-elliptic or orbicular-ovate, sometimes subcordate, 10–50 mm, midcauline to distal orbicular, 5–45 mm wide, distinctly connate-perfoliate, disclike distally, base rounded to subcordate, margins: proximals denticulate to dentate or coarsely, irregularly toothed, sometimes lobed at base, distals nearly entire or toothed, teeth scattered, small, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous, glaucous.	basal and cauline, basal persistent; petiole: basal and proximals 6–20(–40) mm, midcauline to distals 0 mm; blade not connate, palmately 3–5(–7)-veined, orbicular to broadly elliptic-ovate or oblong-elliptic, cauline becoming broadly ovate to narrowly reniform, basal and mid cauline 15–30(–50) mm, gradually reduced in size distally to 6 mm, basal largest, distal closely paired, auriculate-subclasping, base cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate, margins shallowly, evenly to unevenly dentate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous.
Flowers	herkogamous, 1–16, from distal nodes, sometimes from nearly all, chasmogamous.	plesiogamous, (5–)10–16, at distal nodes, in bracteate racemes, chasmogamous or cleistogamous.
Styles	minutely hirtellous-puberulent.	glabrous.
Corollas	yellow, sometimes with a median splotch, abaxial limb densely dark yellow, others much lighter, throat floor and tube red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 12–23 mm, exserted 4–8 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 14–36 mm.	yellow, red-spotted, abaxial limb deeper yellow, weakly bilaterally or radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or regular; tube-throat sometimes tubular and not opening (cleistogamous), 8–14 mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin; limb not expanded or expanded 9–14 mm.
Fruiting pedicels	10–50 mm, glabrous, glaucous.	10–30(–45) mm, longer than subtending leaves, minutely stipitate-glandular.
Fruiting calyces	broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–16 mm, glabrous, glaucous, throat closing.	nodding 45–90º, not red-dotted, broadly elliptic-ovoid, inflated, sagittally compressed, (8–)14–18(–20) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to hirsutulous, sometimes mixed glandular-hirsutulous, throat closing, adaxial lobe not distinctly longer than abaxial, not falcate.
Capsules	included, 5–11 mm.	included, stipitate, 5–7 mm.
Anthers	included, glabrous.	included, glabrous.
2n	= 28.	= 60.

	Erythranthe glaucescens	Erythranthe cordata
Phenology	Flowering Mar–May(–Jun).	Flowering (Jan–)Mar–Jun(–Nov).
Habitat	Seepage areas, wet rocks, moist cliffs, pool edges, gravelly stream banks, serpentine outcrops, roadsides and roadcuts, low pastures, riparian woodlands, blue oak woodlands, chaparral, grasslands.	Springs, seeps, stream edges, muddy banks, flood plains, marshes and swamps, wash bottoms, wet depressions, wet places among boulders.
Elevation	80–900(–1100) m. (300–3000(–3600) ft.)	(600–)800–2400(–3000) m. ((2000–)2600–7900(–9800) ft.)
Distribution	CA [WildflowerSearch map]	AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; TX; UT [WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion	Plants from one locality in Butte County are unusual in producing filiform, small-leaved runners from basal cauline nodes. Erythranthe glaucescens is known only from Butte and Tehama counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Erythranthe cordata is characterized by its fibrous-rooted habit (annual in duration, without rhizomes but commonly rooting at the proximal nodes), short corollas and autogamous reproduction (anthers and stigma at the same level), closed calyces, sparsely villous-glandular vestiture (lacking hirtellous, eglandular hairs), and stems commonly fistulose in larger plants. The short corollas and other features of autogamous reproduction of E. cordata are diagnostic and prominent. Plants of E. cordata are highly variable in size, from tiny fibrous-rooted plants with nearly filiform stems to much larger individuals with fistulose stems rooting at proximal nodes. Erythranthe cordata and E. nasuta are sympatric in Arizona, southeastern New Mexico, and southern Utah, and small plants of each species may be similar in aspect, both with cleistogamous flowers and reduced vestiture. Erythranthe nasuta can be recognized by its distal and bracteal leaves with hirtellous to hirsutulous adaxial surfaces; a 10/x lens usually is required to see this feature, and it sometimes is most obvious around the leaf margins. The common name of Erythranthe cordata alludes to a fancied resemblance of the corollas to the horn of a diminutive trumpet. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 417.	FNA vol. 17, p. 422.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms	Mimulus glaucescens, M. guttatus var. glaucescens	Mimulus cordatus, M. maguirei
Name authority	(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)	(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)
Web links	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Erythranthe cordata

shield-bract monkeyflower

tinytooter monkeyflower

Habit

Annuals, slender-taprooted or fibrous-rooted, rarely with runners from basal nodes.

Annuals, fibrous-rooted, sometimes producing leafy runners from basal nodes, stems often rooting at proximal nodes and appearing rhizomelike.

Stems

erect, simple or branched, terete, sometimes 4-angled distally, (5–)30–60(–80) cm, glabrous, glaucous.

usually erect, usually simple, usually fistulose, 12–40(–100) cm, sparsely stipitate-glandular, hairs fine, gland-tipped.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiole: basal and proximal cauline as long as or much longer than blade, slender, sometimes pubescent or villous, distals absent;

blade palmately 3–5-veined, (proximal) ovate to ovate-elliptic or orbicular-ovate, sometimes subcordate, 10–50 mm, midcauline to distal orbicular, 5–45 mm wide, distinctly connate-perfoliate, disclike distally, base rounded to subcordate, margins: proximals denticulate to dentate or coarsely, irregularly toothed, sometimes lobed at base, distals nearly entire or toothed, teeth scattered, small, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous, glaucous.

basal and cauline, basal persistent;

petiole: basal and proximals 6–20(–40) mm, midcauline to distals 0 mm;

blade not connate, palmately 3–5(–7)-veined, orbicular to broadly elliptic-ovate or oblong-elliptic, cauline becoming broadly ovate to narrowly reniform, basal and mid cauline 15–30(–50) mm, gradually reduced in size distally to 6 mm, basal largest, distal closely paired, auriculate-subclasping, base cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate, margins shallowly, evenly to unevenly dentate, apex obtuse to rounded, surfaces glabrous.

Flowers

herkogamous, 1–16, from distal nodes, sometimes from nearly all, chasmogamous.

plesiogamous, (5–)10–16, at distal nodes, in bracteate racemes, chasmogamous or cleistogamous.

Styles

minutely hirtellous-puberulent.

glabrous.

Corollas

yellow, sometimes with a median splotch, abaxial limb densely dark yellow, others much lighter, throat floor and tube red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, 12–23 mm, exserted 4–8 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 14–36 mm.

yellow, red-spotted, abaxial limb deeper yellow, weakly bilaterally or radially symmetric, weakly bilabiate or regular;

tube-throat sometimes tubular and not opening (cleistogamous), 8–14 mm, exserted 1–3 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb not expanded or expanded 9–14 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

10–50 mm, glabrous, glaucous.

10–30(–45) mm, longer than subtending leaves, minutely stipitate-glandular.

Fruiting calyces

broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–16 mm, glabrous, glaucous, throat closing.

nodding 45–90º, not red-dotted, broadly elliptic-ovoid, inflated, sagittally compressed, (8–)14–18(–20) mm, glabrous or sparsely stipitate-glandular to hirsutulous, sometimes mixed glandular-hirsutulous, throat closing, adaxial lobe not distinctly longer than abaxial, not falcate.

Capsules

included, 5–11 mm.

included, stipitate, 5–7 mm.

Anthers

included, glabrous.

= 28.

= 60.

Erythranthe glaucescens

Erythranthe cordata

Phenology

Flowering Mar–May(–Jun).

Flowering (Jan–)Mar–Jun(–Nov).

Habitat

Seepage areas, wet rocks, moist cliffs, pool edges, gravelly stream banks, serpentine outcrops, roadsides and roadcuts, low pastures, riparian woodlands, blue oak woodlands, chaparral, grasslands.

Springs, seeps, stream edges, muddy banks, flood plains, marshes and swamps, wash bottoms, wet depressions, wet places among boulders.

Elevation

80–900(–1100) m. (300–3000(–3600) ft.)

(600–)800–2400(–3000) m. ((2000–)2600–7900(–9800) ft.)

Distribution

[WildflowerSearch map]

AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; TX; UT

[WildflowerSearch map]

Discussion

Plants from one locality in Butte County are unusual in producing filiform, small-leaved runners from basal cauline nodes. Erythranthe glaucescens is known only from Butte and Tehama counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Erythranthe cordata is characterized by its fibrous-rooted habit (annual in duration, without rhizomes but commonly rooting at the proximal nodes), short corollas and autogamous reproduction (anthers and stigma at the same level), closed calyces, sparsely villous-glandular vestiture (lacking hirtellous, eglandular hairs), and stems commonly fistulose in larger plants. The short corollas and other features of autogamous reproduction of E. cordata are diagnostic and prominent. Plants of E. cordata are highly variable in size, from tiny fibrous-rooted plants with nearly filiform stems to much larger individuals with fistulose stems rooting at proximal nodes.

Erythranthe cordata and E. nasuta are sympatric in Arizona, southeastern New Mexico, and southern Utah, and small plants of each species may be similar in aspect, both with cleistogamous flowers and reduced vestiture. Erythranthe nasuta can be recognized by its distal and bracteal leaves with hirtellous to hirsutulous adaxial surfaces; a 10/x lens usually is required to see this feature, and it sometimes is most obvious around the leaf margins.

The common name of Erythranthe cordata alludes to a fancied resemblance of the corollas to the horn of a diminutive trumpet.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 417.

FNA vol. 17, p. 422.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Erythranthe

Sibling taxa

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

Synonyms

Mimulus glaucescens, M. guttatus var. glaucescens

Mimulus cordatus, M. maguirei

Name authority

(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America

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Erythranthe glaucescens

Erythranthe cordata

Erythranthe glaucescens

Erythranthe cordata