FNA: Erythranthe glaucescens vs. Erythranthe bicolor

	Erythranthe glaucescens	Erythranthe bicolor
	shield-bract monkeyflower	yellow and white monkeyflower
Habit	Annuals, slender-taprooted or fibrous-rooted, rarely with runners from basal nodes.	Annuals, taprooted.
Stems	erect, simple or branched, terete, sometimes 4-angled distally, (5–)30–60(–80) cm, glabrous, glaucous.	erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 4–30 cm, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped.
Leaves	basal and cauline; petiole: basal and proximal cauline as long as or much longer than blade, slender, sometimes pubescent or villous, distals absent; blade palmately 3–5-veined, (proximal) ovate to ovate-elliptic or orbicular-ovate, sometimes subcordate, 10–50 mm, midcauline to distal orbicular, 5–45 mm wide, distinctly connate-perfoliate, disclike distally, base rounded to subcordate, margins: proximals denticulate to dentate or coarsely, irregularly toothed, sometimes lobed at base, distals nearly entire or toothed, teeth scattered, small, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous, glaucous.	cauline, basal not persistent; petiole 0 mm or short-attenuate; blade 1-veined or palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 10–30 × 2–6 mm at mid stem, base attenuate, margins entire or remotely shallowly dentate to mucronulate, teeth 1–4 per side, apex acute, surfaces densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped.
Flowers	herkogamous, 1–16, from distal nodes, sometimes from nearly all, chasmogamous.	herkogamous, 2–8, from medial to distal nodes.
Styles	minutely hirtellous-puberulent.	minutely glandular.
Corollas	yellow, sometimes with a median splotch, abaxial limb densely dark yellow, others much lighter, throat floor and tube red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 12–23 mm, exserted 4–8 mm beyond calyx margin; limb expanded 14–36 mm.	yellow, adaxial lip white, sometimes yellow, throat and abaxial limb red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate; tube-throat funnelform, 8–12 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin; limb broadly expanded, lobes 2-fid, palate villous.
Fruiting pedicels	10–50 mm, glabrous, glaucous.	(5–)7–20(–30) mm, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped.
Fruiting calyces	broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–16 mm, glabrous, glaucous, throat closing.	red-dotted, strongly angled, cylindric-campanulate, (5–)7–12 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped, ribs corky, lobes pronounced, spreading.
Capsules	included, 5–11 mm.	included, 4–6 mm.
Anthers	included, glabrous.	included, margins ciliate, glabrous.
2n	= 28.

	Erythranthe glaucescens	Erythranthe bicolor
Phenology	Flowering Mar–May(–Jun).	Flowering Apr–Jun.
Habitat	Seepage areas, wet rocks, moist cliffs, pool edges, gravelly stream banks, serpentine outcrops, roadsides and roadcuts, low pastures, riparian woodlands, blue oak woodlands, chaparral, grasslands.	Moist banks, serpentine and granite outcrops, seepage areas, volcanic mudflows, open red clay exposures.
Elevation	80–900(–1100) m. (300–3000(–3600) ft.)	(100–)400–1700(–2500) m. ((300–)1300–5600(–8200) ft.)
Distribution	CA [WildflowerSearch map]	CA [WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion	Plants from one locality in Butte County are unusual in producing filiform, small-leaved runners from basal cauline nodes. Erythranthe glaucescens is known only from Butte and Tehama counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Erythranthe bicolor ranges from Shasta and Trinity counties south to Tulare County; the identity of apparently disjunct populations in San Bernardino County needs to be reexamined. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 417.	FNA vol. 17, p. 390.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe	Phrymaceae > Erythranthe
Sibling taxa	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii	E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii
Synonyms	Mimulus glaucescens, M. guttatus var. glaucescens	Mimulus bicolor
Name authority	(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)	(Hartweg ex Bentham) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 36. (2012)
Web links	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Erythranthe bicolor

shield-bract monkeyflower

yellow and white monkeyflower

Habit

Annuals, slender-taprooted or fibrous-rooted, rarely with runners from basal nodes.

Annuals, taprooted.

Stems

erect, simple or branched, terete, sometimes 4-angled distally, (5–)30–60(–80) cm, glabrous, glaucous.

erect, simple or branched from basal nodes, 4–30 cm, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiole: basal and proximal cauline as long as or much longer than blade, slender, sometimes pubescent or villous, distals absent;

blade palmately 3–5-veined, (proximal) ovate to ovate-elliptic or orbicular-ovate, sometimes subcordate, 10–50 mm, midcauline to distal orbicular, 5–45 mm wide, distinctly connate-perfoliate, disclike distally, base rounded to subcordate, margins: proximals denticulate to dentate or coarsely, irregularly toothed, sometimes lobed at base, distals nearly entire or toothed, teeth scattered, small, apex rounded, surfaces glabrous, glaucous.

cauline, basal not persistent;

petiole 0 mm or short-attenuate;

blade 1-veined or palmately 3-veined (in broader ones), narrowly elliptic to linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 10–30 × 2–6 mm at mid stem, base attenuate, margins entire or remotely shallowly dentate to mucronulate, teeth 1–4 per side, apex acute, surfaces densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped.

Flowers

herkogamous, 1–16, from distal nodes, sometimes from nearly all, chasmogamous.

herkogamous, 2–8, from medial to distal nodes.

Styles

minutely hirtellous-puberulent.

minutely glandular.

Corollas

yellow, sometimes with a median splotch, abaxial limb densely dark yellow, others much lighter, throat floor and tube red-dotted, bilaterally symmetric, bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, 12–23 mm, exserted 4–8 mm beyond calyx margin;

limb expanded 14–36 mm.

yellow, adaxial lip white, sometimes yellow, throat and abaxial limb red-spotted, bilaterally symmetric, weakly bilabiate;

tube-throat funnelform, 8–12 mm, exserted beyond calyx margin;

limb broadly expanded, lobes 2-fid, palate villous.

Fruiting pedicels

10–50 mm, glabrous, glaucous.

(5–)7–20(–30) mm, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped.

Fruiting calyces

broadly campanulate, inflated, sagittally compressed, 7–16 mm, glabrous, glaucous, throat closing.

red-dotted, strongly angled, cylindric-campanulate, (5–)7–12 mm, margins distinctly toothed or lobed, densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.05–0.1 mm, gland-tipped, ribs corky, lobes pronounced, spreading.

Capsules

included, 5–11 mm.

included, 4–6 mm.

Anthers

included, glabrous.

included, margins ciliate, glabrous.

= 28.

Erythranthe glaucescens

Erythranthe bicolor

Phenology

Flowering Mar–May(–Jun).

Flowering Apr–Jun.

Habitat

Seepage areas, wet rocks, moist cliffs, pool edges, gravelly stream banks, serpentine outcrops, roadsides and roadcuts, low pastures, riparian woodlands, blue oak woodlands, chaparral, grasslands.

Moist banks, serpentine and granite outcrops, seepage areas, volcanic mudflows, open red clay exposures.

Elevation

80–900(–1100) m. (300–3000(–3600) ft.)

(100–)400–1700(–2500) m. ((300–)1300–5600(–8200) ft.)

Distribution

[WildflowerSearch map]

Discussion

Plants from one locality in Butte County are unusual in producing filiform, small-leaved runners from basal cauline nodes. Erythranthe glaucescens is known only from Butte and Tehama counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Erythranthe bicolor ranges from Shasta and Trinity counties south to Tulare County; the identity of apparently disjunct populations in San Bernardino County needs to be reexamined.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 417.

FNA vol. 17, p. 390.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Erythranthe

Sibling taxa

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. bicolor, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

E. acutidens, E. alsinoides, E. ampliata, E. androsacea, E. arenaria, E. arenicola, E. arvensis, E. barbata, E. brachystylis, E. breviflora, E. breweri, E. caespitosa, E. calcicola, E. calciphila, E. cardinalis, E. carsonensis, E. charlestonensis, E. chinatiensis, E. cinnabarina, E. corallina, E. cordata, E. decora, E. dentata, E. diffusa, E. discolor, E. eastwoodiae, E. erubescens, E. exigua, E. filicaulis, E. filicifolia, E. floribunda, E. gemmipara, E. geniculata, E. geyeri, E. glaucescens, E. gracilipes, E. grandis, E. grayi, E. guttata, E. hallii, E. hardhamiae, E. hymenophylla, E. inamoena, E. inconspicua, E. inflatula, E. jungermannioides, E. laciniata, E. latidens, E. lewisii, E. linearifolia, E. marmorata, E. michiganensis, E. microphylla, E. minor, E. montioides, E. moschata, E. nasuta, E. norrisii, E. nudata, E. palmeri, E. pardalis, E. parishii, E. parvula, E. patula, E. percaulis, E. primuloides, E. ptilota, E. pulsiferae, E. purpurea, E. regni, E. rhodopetra, E. rubella, E. scouleri, E. shevockii, E. sierrae, E. suksdorfii, E. taylorii, E. thermalis, E. tilingii, E. trinitiensis, E. unimaculata, E. utahensis, E. verbenacea, E. washingtonensis, E. willisii

Synonyms

Mimulus glaucescens, M. guttatus var. glaucescens

Mimulus bicolor

Name authority

(Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 43. (2012)

(Hartweg ex Bentham) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 36. (2012)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America

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Erythranthe glaucescens

Erythranthe bicolor

Erythranthe glaucescens

Erythranthe bicolor